Malaysia will be an ageing population by 2030 as the number of those aged 60 years and above has increased drastically from 6.2 percent in 2000 and is expected to reach 13.6 percent by 2030. There are many challenges that will be faced due to the ageing population, one of which is the increasing cost of pensions in the future. In view of that, it is necessary to investigate the effect of actuarial assumptions on pension liabilities under the perspective of ageing. To estimate the pension liabilities, the Projected Unit Credit method is used in the study and commutation functions are employed in the process. Demographic risk and salary risk have been identified as major risks in analyzing pension liabilities in this study. The sensitivity analyses will be conducted in the study to investigate how the pension liabilities will be affected when these major risks changes. This study analyzes nine scenarios under assumptions in the actuarial model, namely age of retirement, rate of mortality and rate of salary growth. The result of this study indicates that the implied mortality experience and salary growth rate assumptions have a significant impact on pension liabilities.
The question of motherhood seems to haunt the works of Kate Chopin, a
nineteenth century American writer. Though a mother-woman herself, Chopin
gives a paradoxical portrait of motherhood in her works. She implies that
motherhood might be a liberating experience for some women as it is constricting
for others. This paper tackles the paradoxical nature of motherhood in Chopin's
novel, The Awakening and other four short stories. In The Awakening, A Pair of
Silk Stockings and Desiree's Baby, motherhood is depicted as a tool of selfdestruction,
while in Athénaise and Regret, it is a source of life-giving.
Objectives: Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is WNT/b-catenin pathway antagonist which plays a detrimental role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This research aimed to assess serum DKK-1 levels in diabetic patients who have and have not developed DR and, compare them with the control subjects finding out whether we can use it as an indicator for DR early diagnosis and to find out which one of the widely used two groups of antidiabetic treatments had the greater effect on this biomarker and hence on the progression of DR. Methods: The study participants were divided into two subgroups: First, 70 patients (36 male, 34 female) with type 2 diabetes mellitus, among them 35 patients diagnosed with DR and 35 with no evidence of DR, and s
... Show MoreThe emerge of capitalism beside appearing modern and contemporary political systems which had become hold out it is semi-domination on more vital space of human community life, it is through some vital apparatus, which the free market apparatus had make important one which depend on achieve the privileges of the capitalism elite whom standing on it, especially the finance elite. Thus the achievement of the profit had become the main podcasted of those elite which whom the really advancer of the Globalization system, this is which incarnated by the appears and extend of the (COVID-19) fatality pandemic in the end of last year, whereas reveals widespread of it in more than one states in the world, especially the developed coun
... Show MoreLas diferencias entre el pretérito perfecto simple y el imperfecto son uno de los temas más complejos de la lengua española, no sólo para el estudiante, sino para el profesor, puesto que sistematizar los casos y hacerlos fácilmente comprensibles al alumno es tarea difícil. Los profesores de lengua, cuyas investigaciones han dado lugar a una serie de teorías y de corrientes metodológicas y didácticas que permiten enfocar la enseñanza de una lengua extranjera de manera muy distinta a como se hacía tradicionalmente. Vamos a repasar muy brevemente cuáles son estas teorías.
En primer lugar es necesario señalar en qué consiste el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua:
"El aprendizaje de una segunda lengua (L2) es el
... Show MoreThis research study focuses on fundamental questions. It deals with the content of the critical reviews through which the most important sources that undermine the renaissance of the Islamic human society can be concluded. It is the vague fetishization of the sacred between religion, politics, and ideas, which members of society live in and which raised the dust of closed-minded fanaticism that led to the return of deviant extremism. It is oppression, violence, and domination, all of which are professional tools in the manufacture of the ideology of extremism in all its forms. Here, the idea matured in giving a human, intellectual and philosophical overview that mixed the required drawing in the formulation of scientific cont
... Show MoreHighway network could be considered as a function of the developmental level of the region, that it is representing the sensitive nerve of the economic activity and the corner stone for the implementation of development plans and developing the spatial structure. The main theme of this thesis is to show the characteristics of the regional highway network of Anbar and to determine the most important effective spatial characteristics and the dimension of that effect negatively or positively. Further this thesis tries to draw an imagination for the connection between highway network as a spatial phenomenon and the surrounded natural and human variables within the spatial structure of the region. This thesis aiming also to determine the natu
... Show MoreConstructing The Psychological Tranquility Scale of the University of Baghdad Students
The research aimed to :
- Constructing the Psychological Tranquility Scale of the University of Baghdad Students.
- Appointing the psychological content standard for the accepting Answer of student about the scale.
The research Sample was (414) boy and girl from Baghdad University Students for the Studying year (2008-2009), So the Scale of the Psychological Tranquility Scale was bilt on them in good psychometric properties from truth Factor analyzing which was its super saturation was reached to (50) item from its items a value more than the super sutution norm (0,30) for kaizer, also the firm value was Relaibility for the scale by the way
In the last decades of the twentieth century, ideas emerged that were increasingly being floated, stating that the planet is suffering from a population explosion, depletion of resources, and environmental problems that require action to be addressed. Although these problems in practice need scientific solutions, the problem is that these solutions collide with ideologies. Here the green political thought emerges, based on the criticism of many ideological axioms. The owners of green thinking agree that most environmental damage is due to the humanist doctrine. It criticizes modernity accompanied by a scientific revolution, where this criticism centered around (the rationality of the scientific and technological mind), here the green pol
... Show MoreThe Arabic pronouns received a lot of attention from the ancient Arab grammarians, so they explained their origins, the different forms of their structure, and the aspects of the Arabs’ use of them, and explained the aspects and reasons for these uses, with what they had of linguistic insight, which guided them to clarify the truth of these pronouns.
And recently, this research seeks new knowledge of the development of the structure of the nominative pronouns (he), (she), (them), (taa), and (waw) between dialects and towards classical Arabic, by analyzing the structure of these pronouns into their components. Its linguistic formulas are traced from the ancient Arabic texts, and by ancient I mean the texts of the era of linguistic ci