Nanoparticles of copper sulfide have been prepared by simple reaction between using copper nitrate with different concentrations ratio 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM, thiourea by a simple chemical route. The prepared Nano powders have been deposited onto glass substrates by casting method at 60°C. The structure of the product Nano- films has been studied by x-ray diffraction, where the patterns showed that all the samples have a hexagonal structure of covellite copper sulfide with the average crystalline sizes 14.07- 16.51 nm. The morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy, and field emission scan electron microscopy. The AFM images showed particles with almost spherical and rod shapes with average diameter sizes of 49.11- 90.64 nm. From the UV-Vis absorption studies, it has been noted that the increased absorption edge for all thin films leads to decreases in the energy gap of 3.5 to 3.0 eV for 1mM and 5mM respectively.
Appearance of the Kurdish press in the Kurdish literature was affected by as set of both external and internal factors. The former was realized in the spreading of press and publications especially at the neighboring countries in the second half of the 19th century. The latter factors, external ones ,were concerned the political situations undergone by the Kurdish people who severely suffered injustice practiced by the Othman authority .All these reasons had driven the educated to migrate to search for more safe places to practice their cultural actions with absolute freedom. Consequently, the first newspaper was issued on 22/4/1898 in Cairo which pointed the birth of the Kurdish press inside and outside Kurdistan region which
... Show MoreThe Fatimids were arguing with the Abbasids in everything, even in the causes of civilization, and the Islamic moderization had matured,
السياسة الامريكية وحركة الاصلاح السياسي في السودان
الأهمية :
التخطيط بالمعنى العام مارسته بعض الجماعات ، وكثير من الأفراد عبر العصور فهم حاولوا أو يحاولون التحكم في مستقبل حياتهم أو حياة أبنائهم ، وقد حدثنا التأريخ عن بعض التجارب لمواجهة الأزمات والكوارث التي هددت بعض الشعوب ، ولعل قضية سيدنا يوسف عليه السلام وهي تشير الى خطته لمواجهة المجاعة المنتظرة ، ومقوماتها حسن التخزين وضبط الأستهلاك وفترتها الزمنية ، فضلاً عن أمثلة تاريخية لموا
... Show Moreيحتل افلاطون (427-327 ق.م) المكانة الاولى بين الفلاسفة والمفكرين والمربين على امتداد تاريخ البشرية ، ويعد بعض الباحثين كتابه الشهير(الجمهورية) كتاباً في التربية والتعليم قبل ان يكون كتاباً في الاخلاق والسياسة ، فهذا الكتاب – المحاورة ضم بين دفتيه أجوبة على الكثير من الاسئلة التربوية والتعليمية عوضاً عن مضامينه الاخلاقية والسياسية والمعرفية والنفسية ، التي ساقها افلاطون باسلوب ادبي متين على شكل محاورة طو
... Show MoreThere Are Many Communities Suffering Of Unemployment Due To Has Great Social And Economic Impact, As Well As The Psychological Effects Devastating And Serious And That May Threaten States With Collapse And Leading Human Displacement And Loss And Crime, And Often Derive Unemployed People To Practice Bad Habits Such As Gambling, Alcohol And Drug Abuse To Escape From Their Reality To Their Concerns And Problems.
It Should Be Noted, That The Largest Percentage Of Unemployment In Developing Societies Represented By The Educated Class Of University Graduates, And This Is Something Painful.
The Unemployed Know That (Each Capable Of Working And Who Want To Look For And Accept Prevailing Bricks) Is Th
... Show MoreThe historical documentation of the architectural archeology has a fundamental and great importance in evaluating the architectural product that has suffered from neglect
Interest in the teaching profession is one of the most important steps on the road to education reform to develop the quality of education is not only through the teacher's professional competencies required, interest in the teaching profession in any society stems from fingerprints left by the teacher on his behavior and morals and their minds and their personalities. Today we are going to provide scientific, technical and research is enormous, we need more powerful skills and ways of thinking that must be acquired by the teacher. The current search is gaining importance in terms of:
- This is the first of its kind on the researcher's knowledge _ which deals with the modern trends in t
Riding in Andalusia was a sport emphasized by Islam. It also works to strengthen the muscles, prevent them from sagging, gain vitality and vitality, regulate blood circulation and improve brain and heart function. The research we discussed in the study is not limited to a particular class. Most Andalusian rulers practiced equestrian And they hold concerts and competitions of horse competition, as happened during the reign of Caliph al-Hakam al-Mustansir and Muzaffar ibn Abi Amer and the governor adopted Ben Abbad and the Caliph Muhammad bin Bani al-Ahmar, the governor of the city of Granada in the presence of the great poets such as the son of Abu Salt and Ibn
... Show Moreلطالما تحاشينا الخوض في الحديث عن المرأة , وكل ما يتعلق بها من موضوعات , خصوصا في سياق ما يطرح حولها من أمور كأنها لاتخص غيرها مثل : " الحرية " "والمساواة " " والحقوق " ... وغيرها من المواضيع التي تعج بها الكتب والشاشات والبرامج والمؤتمرات والندوات , التي غالبا ما ترفع فيها الشعارات المؤدلجة وتوضع اخرى , في أتون محموم , إن دل على شيئ فانه يدل بالدرجة الاولى عن مدى الفوضى الفكرية التي نعي
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