In this study, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDMAB) - bentonite was synthesized by placing alkylammonium cation onto bentonite. Adsorption of textile dye such as direct Yellow 50 on natural bentonite and HDMAB -bentonite was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time,dosage clay and temperature were investigated experimentally .The Langmuir and Freundlish isotherms equations were applied to the data and values of parameters of these isotherm equations were evaluated. The study indicated that using 0.2 g of HDMAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) lead to increase the percentage removal(R%) from 78% for pure bentonite to 99 %. The optimum pH value for the adsorption experiments was found to be pH=3 and therefore all the experiments were carried out at this pH value. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model agrees very well with the experimental results.Different thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy and entropy of the on-going adsorption process have also been evaluated. The thermodynamic analyses of the dye adsorption on organoclay indicated that the system was endothermic in nature .
In this study, a system of nonthermal plasma that was operated under atmospheric pressure and was powered by argon gas was employed. The particular plasma properties are affected by changes in the Ar gas flow ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 l/min, product by stream of the plasma jet that is utilized. By using the aforementioned method generated from AC and DC. After placing Ar gas as the cathode, which represents the negative pole, flows toward the anode, which is represented by a tiny metal plate of Zn measuring 6 × 1 cm2 in size, with a submerged part of 4 cm2 long, with both types of current employed having a high voltage of 13.5 kV and the frequency of AC was 30 kHz, we measured these variable parameters. It has been shown that when argon f
... Show MoreBackground: Tooth wear is one of the most common problems in the older dentate population which results from the interaction of three processes (attrition, abrasion and erosion) and it affects all societies, different age groups, and all cultures. This study was achieved to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth wear among institutionalized residents in Baghdad city\ Iraq. Subjects and Methods: This survey was accomplished on four private and one governmental institution in Baghdad city. One-hundred twenty three (61 males, 62 females) aged 50-89 years were participated in this study. The diagnosis and recording of tooth wear were according to criteria of Smith and Knight. Results: The prevalence of tooth wear was 100% with a mean
... Show MoreDegenerate parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with vanishing or unbounded leading coefficient make the PDE non-uniformly parabolic, and new theories need to be developed in the context of practical applications of such rather unstudied mathematical models arising in porous media, population dynamics, financial mathematics, etc. With this new challenge in mind, this paper considers investigating newly formulated direct and inverse problems associated with non-uniform parabolic PDEs where the leading space- and time-dependent coefficient is allowed to vanish on a non-empty, but zero measure, kernel set. In the context of inverse analysis, we consider the linear but ill-pose
This article describes how to predict different types of multiple reflections in pre-track seismic data. The characteristics of multiple reflections can be expressed as a combination of the characteristics of primary reflections. Multiple velocities always come in lower magnitude than the primaries, this is the base for separating them during Normal Move Out correction. The muting procedure is applied in Time-Velocity analysis domain. Semblance plot is used to diagnose multiples availability and judgment for muting dimensions. This processing procedure is used to eliminate internal multiples from real 2D seismic data from southern Iraq in two stages. The first is conventional Normal Move Out correction and velocity auto picking and
... Show MoreThe efficient removal of dissolved organic compounds (DOC) from wastewater has become a major environmental concern because of its high toxicity even at low concentrations. Therefore, a technique was needed to reduce these pollutants. Ion exchange technology (IE) was used with AmberliteTM IR120 Na, AmberliteTM IR96RF, and AmberliteTM IR402, firstly by using anion and mixed bed system, where the following variables are investigated for the process of adsorption: The height of the bed in column (8,10 and 14 cm), different concentrations of (DOC) content at constant flow rate. The use of an ion exchanger unit (continuous system) with three columns (cation, anion, and mixed bed) was studied.
... Show MoreThis paper shows an approach for Electromyography (ECG) signal processing based on linear and nonlinear adaptive filtering using Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm to remove two kinds of noise that affected the ECG signal. These are the High Frequency Noise (HFN) and Low Frequency Noise (LFN). Simulation is performed in Matlab. The ECG, HFN and LFN signals used in this study were downloaded from ftp://ftp.ieee.org/uploads/press/rangayyan/, and then the filtering process was obtained by using adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) that illustrated better results than infinite impulse response (IIR) filters did.
The dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on leather
... Show MoreThe dyes Azo have a lengthy history and are a vital part of our daily lives. There are numerous potentials uses for these substances and their derivatives in various industries and environmental and biological research. In this study conversion of various azo compounds into other derivatives, complexes, and polymers was accomplished. This review included examining the chemistry reactions, synthesis, and applications of azo dye ligands and their complexes, mentioned spectral, analytical, thermal, and morphology methods of investigation, and confirmed by mass fragment mechanisms for some azo dyes and metal complexes. One of the aims of this review is to explain the role of these azo dye derivatives and the effect of metal complexes on
... Show More