يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الاستفادة من القهوة المستهلكة , كمادة وسيطة حيث تعد القهوة المستهلكة من المخلفات المضرة للبيئة الاستخراج الكافيين الطبيعي والذي يعد مادة ذات نشاط حيوي واهمية, وتحديد العوامل الفعالة في كفاءة عملية الاستخلاص من حيث تركيز الكافيين. تضمنت المتغيرات الرئيسية المدروسة وقت الاستخلاص  0-150 دقيقة  ، ودرجة الحرارة  25-55 درجة مئوية  ، وسرعة الخلط  180-450 دورة في الدقيقة  ،   ودرجة الحموضة العالق

In this article, a continuous terminal sliding mode control algorithm is proposed for servo motor systems. A novel full-order terminal sliding mode surface is proposed based on the bilimit homogeneous property, such that the sliding motion is finite-time stable independent of the system’s initial condition. A new continuous terminal sliding mode control algorithm is proposed to guarantee that the system states reach the sliding surface in finitetime. Not only the robustness is guaranteed by the proposed controller but also the continuity makes the control algorithm more suitable for the servo mechanical systems. Finally, a numerical example is presented to depict the advantages of the proposed control algorithm. An application in the rota

This study uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to examine the constitutive relationships of the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) residual tensile strength at elevated temperatures. The objective is to develop an effective model and establish fire performance criteria for concrete structures in fire scenarios. Multilayer networks that employ reactive error distribution approaches can determine the residual tensile strength of GFRP using six input parameters, in contrast to previous mathematical models that utilized one or two inputs while disregarding the others. Multilayered networks employing reactive error distribution technology assign weights to each variable influencing the residual tensile strength of GFRP. Temperatur

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a type of rigid pavement that is designed in a similar way to conventional concrete pavements reflecting its mode of failure. The thickness design of RCC pavements is based on keeping the flexural stresses and fatigue damage in the pavement caused by wheel loads within allowable limits. As in all jointed concrete pavements, there is a greater effect from loads placed along edges and less at interior locations in the pavement. Joints in RCC pavement are clearly critical areas and form weak points. RCC is typically constructed with saw-cut joints to prevent random cracking, improve the appearance of the pavement surface, and maintain the highest possible load transfer across the joints. This paper pr

Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams are designed to resist torsion and shear and flexural failure due to applied loading. The failure mode of concrete elements owing to shear and torsion is unwanted and occurs without warning. So, in the design process it must be taken into account that if failure takes place, it is preferable for it to be flexural as this gives an indication before it occurs. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of using steel fibers with and without ordinary torsional reinforcements, on the torsional strength, crack distribution, and ductility of RC beams. The intended plan is to investigate the torsional capacity enhancement of RC beams with added steel fibers under monotonic torsional load. The f

Flat plate structures consist of a slab supported directly by columns without beams or drop panels, resulting in a thinner slab with more efficient use of space. Despite these advantages, a flat plate slab is subjected to brittle punching shear. Sudden collapse may occur when a column pushes a piece of concrete from the slab above it. This paper displays Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS/ CAE 2019 to simulate the punching shear impact on a flat plate strengthened with horizontal steel bars of varying number and diameter, located at the compressive side of the slab. A numerical model was constructed with 8-noded hexahedral 3D brick elements for concrete and 2-noded linear 2D beam elements for steel reinforcement. The model w

The current study focuses on the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete flat slabs with steel collars, examining it both experimentally and numerically. Six square flat slab specimens were casted and tested under static load, axial load, and eccentric load. The effects of the steel collars and eccentricity on the load-displacement behavior, ultimate load capacity, cracking load, failure mode, stiffness, failure angle, and ductility, were investigated. The results demonstrated that using steel collars in slab-column connection greatly increases the shear capacity of the slab under eccentric loads and moments. The strengthened slabs' ultimate capacity increased by 34% and 61%, respectively, compared to that of the slabs with

Marwa Ziyad Tariq1 & Rana H. Al-Bahrani2 College of Political Science-University of Al-Nahrain1 & College of Education for Women-University of Baghdad2 – A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Political Caricatures Based on Students’ Construes