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bsj-4270
Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS)
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       Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular ion serve as potential markers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1-5.0 µg/g. Ten PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues were randomly selected and successfully validated for simultaneous quantification, whereby the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0–50.0 µg/g with recoveries at 86.1-118.9%. The developed method of GC-EI-MS was shown to be simple, throughput, economical and had sufficient sensitivity to screen, identify and quantify PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal matrices.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis ,spectroscopic study of Antipyryl azo 2-Naphthol and use it as new reagent for determination of Co(II) and Cu(II)
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A simple ,accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed the determination of Cobalt(II) and Cupper (II) .The method is based on the chelation of Co(II) and Cu(II) ions with 4-(4´-pyrazolon azo) -2-Naphthol(APAN) in aqueous medium . The complexes have a maximum absorption at (513) and (506) nm and ? max 0.531×10 4 and 0.12×10 5 L.mol -1.cm -1 for Co(II) and Cu(II) respectively .The reagent and two complexes have been prepared in ethanolic solution.The stoichiometry of both complexes were found to be 1:2 (metal :legend) .The effects of various cations and anions on Co(II) and Cu(II) determination have been investigated .The stability constants and standard deviations for Co(II) and Cu(II) 0.291 x107 ,0.909X108 L.mol

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 29 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
ELEMENTS OF BUILDING CONTENT FOR GOVERNMENT WEBSITES: : (An Experimental Study)
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The study dealt with measuring the impact of the availability of each of the content elements of the interaction, electronic services, and information on the evaluation of the users of the government website for its effectiveness in terms of the site’s functions and for measuring the site’s ability to present the organization’s tasks to customer groups.

Authority is concerned with measuring the confidence of customers in the content of the site, and in the organization as a whole. Validity is related to measuring the effectiveness of employing the site’s content to achieve the goal of its creation and in communicating with customers. Availability It is for measuring the ease of use of the site. The relevance, which means

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research
Design of experiments model for optimization of spectrophotometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using p-bromanil
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A simple, fast, inexpensive and sensitive method has been proposed to screen and optimize experimental factors that effecting the determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE.HCl) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the development of brown-colored charge transfer (CT) complex with p-Bromanil (p-Br) in an alkaline medium (pH=9) with 1.07 min after heating at 80 °C. ‘Design of Experiments’ (DOE) employing ‘Central Composite Face Centered Design’ (CCF) and ‘Response Surface Methodology’ (RSM) were applied as an improvement to traditional ‘One Variable at Time’ (OVAT) approach to evaluate the effects of variations in selected factors (volume of 5×10-3 M p-Br, heating time, and temperature) on

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 29 2026
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
ISOLATION, SCREENING AND PRODUCTION OF PHYTATE DEGRADING ENZYME (PHYTASE) FROM LOCAL FUNGI ISOLATE
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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Determination of solar window for Baghdad city using pv system program
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Been using a pv system program to determine the solar window for Baghdad city . the solar window for any location can be determine by deviating left and right from the geographical south as well as deviation according to the amount of tilt angle with the horizon for fixed panel so that will not change the average of solar radiation incident over the whole year and this lead to help in the process of installation of fixed solar panel without any effect on annual output .the range of solar window for Baghdad city between two angles ( -8 - +8 ) degrees left to right of the geographical south and tilt angle that allowed for the horizon range between angles (21- 30) degrees so that the amount of solar radiation that falling on the solar pan

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 18 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
STUDY OF THE TEMPORAL EFFECT OF THE LEVEL OF THE CREATINE KINASE ENZYME CK-MB AND SOME BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND HEART FAILURE IN RAMADI CITY: STUDY OF THE TEMPORAL EFFECT OF THE LEVEL OF THE CREATINE KINASE ENZYME CK-MB AND SOME BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND HEART FAILURE IN RAMADI CITY
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The current study is designed to achieve the goal of early detection of heart disease because it is the main risk of death. Some biomarkers were measured as well as the percentage of the effect of certain risk factors in people with myocardial infarction and heart failure. The study included 40 serum samples from people with heart disease. The effectiveness of the creatine kinase (CK-MB), as well as its temporal and albumin effects, as well as sodium ions in people with myocardial infarction and heart failure, were compared with the control group. as shown below:

-The first group consisted of 25 blood samples from people with myocardial infarction and 15 serum samples from people with heart failure. Blood

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Improved Image Security in Internet of Thing (IOT) Using Multiple Key AES
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Image is an important digital information that used in many internet of things (IoT) applications such as transport, healthcare, agriculture, military, vehicles and wildlife. etc. Also, any image has very important characteristic such as large size, strong correlation and huge redundancy, therefore, encrypting it by using single key Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) through IoT communication technologies makes it vulnerable to many threats, thus, the pixels that have the same values will be encrypted to another pixels that have same values when they use the same key. The contribution of this work is to increase the security of transferred image. This paper proposed multiple key AES algorithm (MECCAES) to improve the security of the tran

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Impact of Cranbrook on Graphic Design: راقي صباح نجم الدين
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  Empirical research in the disciplines of art and design has started to escalate and gather consideration within the academic community over the past few decades. However, still, graphic design tends to be a topic extremely under-researched by scholarly persons. Profound research in the field of graphic design extends far beyond the works produced by the designer himself (Khoury, 2009, p.844). In order to develop a clear insight, one needs to delve deep into the subcategories that the diverse field of graphic design is comprised of, including illustration, typography, interaction design, branding and even the impact of notable, eminent institutes from around the world that have taken the budding artists for quite a long time (Walke

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Predicting Social Security Fund compensation in Iraq using ARMAX Model
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Time series have gained great importance and have been applied in a manner in the economic, financial, health and social fields and used in the analysis through studying the changes and forecasting the future of the phenomenon. One of the most important models of the black box is the "ARMAX" model, which is a mixed model consisting of self-regression with moving averages with external inputs. It consists of several stages, namely determining the rank of the model and the process of estimating the parameters of the model and then the prediction process to know the amount of compensation granted to workers in the future in order to fulfil the future obligations of the Fund. , And using the regular least squares method and the frequ

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Applied Spectroscopy
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Naphazoline Nitrate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations by Using 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-Sulfonate
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A simple, accurate, and cost-efficient UV-Visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of naphazoline nitrate (NPZ) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The suggested method was based on the nucleophilic substitution reaction of NPZ with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate sodium salt in alkaline medium at 80°C to form an orange/red-colored product of maximum absorption (λmax) at 483 nm. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined via Job's method and limiting logarithmic method, and the mechanism of the reaction was postulated. Under the optimal conditions of the reaction, Beerʼs law was obeyed within the concentration range 0.5–50 μg/mL, the molar absorptivity value (ε) was 5766.5 L × mol–1 × c

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