In this work, the relationship between the ionospheric parameters (Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF), Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) and Optimum working Frequency (OWF)) has been studied for the ionosphere layer over the Iraqi zone. The capital Baghdad (44.42oE, 33.32oN) has been selected to represent the transmitter station and many other cities that spread over Iraqi region have represented as receiver stations. The REC533 communication model considered as one of the modern radio broadcasting version of ITU has been used to calculate the LUF parameter, while the MUF and OWF ionospheric parameters have been generated using ASAPS international communication model which represents one of the most advanced and accurate HF sky wave propagation models. The study has been conducted for the annual and seasonal time periods of the years (2009 and 2014) of the solar cycle 24. The results of the seasonal and annual tests have indicated that the interrelationship between the MUF and OWF with LUF was a fourth order polynomial equation, while the reciprocal relationship between the MUF and OWF was a simple relationship that could be represented by a linear regression equation. The reciprocal relationships between MUF, LUF and OWF parameters (present values) have shown a good fitting with the data generated using the international models (predicted values) and theoretical values calculated from the criterion equation.
Limited importance of research in a stand on the most important difficulties faced by both faculty and parents to communicate with each process to follow up on their children, and the analysis and inventory of the obstacles that hinder the educational process, and work to develop a vision of how to address these constraints and the important role of technology in the treatment of problems of the society so as to develop frameworks future to minimize the errors and the problems they face, and the development outlook for future generations in order to promote the educational level, especially that Iraq is going through a change in conditions in all sectors. Through the questionnaire, which includes questions set that was made on a sample o
... Show MoreThe history of the impact of nuclear radiation on the environment, as illustrated by the Hiroshima bombing, reveals a multifaceted interplay of scientific, ecological, and ethical dimensions. From the historical context and immediate environmental consequences to long-term ecological effects and human health implications, the effects of nuclear radiation are pervasive. Comparatively analyzed with other nuclear incidents, case studies of affected ecosystems, and through education, ongoing challenges and opportunities toward nuclear technology are revealed. Moreover, it is through the echoes of past nuclear events that lessons were learned which until today guide current efforts on striking a balance between technological advancement
... Show MoreThe legal nature of the Build-Operate-Transfer-Ownership Contract (B.O.T) The Build, Operate, and Transfer of Ownership Contract (BOT) has emerged as the most successful and safest method for involving the private sector in public sector services. The major infrastructure projects that are built through the BOT contract are no longer financed by the state and its budget, but the private sector has played a major role in financing These projects, especially developing countries that need to establish infrastructure or modernize their existing infrastructure, especially in the areas of transport, communications, services, electricity, water ..... and other public utilities.
The cuneiform texts considered one of the most important resources which play an important role help us to know how was the economic , politic and religious manner and every thing have relation of the history of Mesopotamia which contain many of information that enrich our knowldgement every side of Mesopotamia civilization since using writing as away to register the science and human knowldgement . The city of Sippar (Abu –Habba ) was one of most important city of ancient Mesopotamia which mentioned as one of first five Mesopotamian cities found before floating and it exposed through excavating rich one of them tablet which some of it dated to old Babylon period . The king Ammi-Saduqa has a big share of tablet we study number of thi
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to study the factors affecting drag coefficient (C d ) in
non-Newtonian fluids which are the rheological properties ,concentrations of non-
Newtonian fluids, particle shape, size and the density difference between particle and
fluid .Also this study shows drag coefficient (C d ) and particle Reynolds' number (Re
P ) relationship and the effect of rheological properties on this relationship.
An experimental apparatus was designed and built, which consists of Perspex pipe
of length of 160 cm. and inside diameter of 7.8 cm. to calculate the settling velocity,
also electronic circuit was designed to calculate the falling time of particles through
fluid.
Two types of solid particles were
Praise be to the one who taught the pen. Without the pen, the knowledge of the first two would not have reached the others. Then, praise the one who taught man from the printing industry unless he knew, and prayers and peace be upon those who guide all nations to the invention and the follower in the matter of religion, and to his family and companions.
The use of Qur’anic use is an integrated and important topic that examines the building and the meaning, which are two major titles in the study of Arabic, so the goal of scholars when going into these explanations was to find out the wonderful linguistic miracle of this great book.
Scholars have worked hard to talk
There is no adopt in the importance of the optical communications in scientific civil and military applications because of it’s simplicity in manufacturing and it's low cost. The method of optical communication depends upon bearing the light beam the translated informations by a method called the light modulation. This method depends upon changing some light properties as frequency, amplitude and pulse duration according to the translating informations. The changes in the first two properties are concerned optically with the analog modulation while the third one concern at most with digital modulation. All past methods are expensive with low efficiency and needs electrical or magnetic fields. In this technique the source of voice used
... Show MoreThe research aims to determine the role of the training strategy with its dimensions of (strategic analysis, formulation of training strategy, implementation of training strategy, evaluation) in the pioneering performance of the organization with its dimensions of (pre-planning , renewal and modernization, efficiency, effectiveness). Important and modern in pioneering performance and training strategy, and in recognition of the importance of the subject and the expected results of the surveyed banks, an analysis was made of the data obtained through field visits in addition to the questionnaire and interviews ,and the most prominent results that were reached were taking the research sample into consideration all the requirements of the trai
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