Optical burst switching (OBS) network is a new generation optical communication technology. In an OBS network, an edge node first sends a control packet, called burst header packet (BHP) which reserves the necessary resources for the upcoming data burst (DB). Once the reservation is complete, the DB starts travelling to its destination through the reserved path. A notable attack on OBS network is BHP flooding attack where an edge node sends BHPs to reserve resources, but never actually sends the associated DB. As a result the reserved resources are wasted and when this happen in sufficiently large scale, a denial of service (DoS) may take place. In this study, we propose a semi-supervised machine learning approach using k-means algorithm, to detect malicious nodes in an OBS network. The proposed semi-supervised model was trained and validated with small amount data from a selected dataset. Experiments show that the model can classify the nodes into either behaving or not-behaving classes with 90% accuracy when trained with just 20% of data. When the nodes are classified into behaving, not-behaving and potentially not-behaving classes, the model shows 65.15% and 71.84% accuracy if trained with 20% and 30% of data respectively. Comparison with some notable works revealed that the proposed model outperforms them in many respects.
أنزل ألله تعالى كتابه العزيز على رسوله محمد(ص) هداية للناس كافة وإنقاذا لهم من الكفر والشرك والضلال ، فبين لهم فيه أمور دينهم ودنياهم وميز لهم الحرام من الحلال ، وقصَ عليهم أخبار بعض الأمم السالفة قبلهم وما نزل بهم من عقاب جزاء
This research has been devoted to the study narratines of the metaphysical concepts in Egypt during the Mamluk era ( 648-923 AD/1250-1517 AH). The study consists of three sections and an introductionwhich highlights the study at that time for its great impaction public life in Egypt.
The Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers and his pure and pure family, and may the peace and blessings be abundantly
التجربة الاتحادية في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة
Dans le romantisme et ses textes, il est important de mentionner qu'il n'existe qu'un seul thème romantique qui est l'amour, mais assez pour avoir fait du XIXème siècle, une révolution du texte romantique. L'amour consiste à la réduction de l'univers, à un seul être, puis la dilatation de ce seul être, voilà l'amour. cet amour passionnel n'est qu'un arrangement froid et réfléchi excluant d'emblée l'exaltation des sentiments. Néanmoins, cet amour passionnel peut être brutal. quant à la mort, dans le drame romantique, l'amour et la mort sont liés. Beaucoup d'histoires d'amour finissent le plus souvent par un suicide passionnel : le romantique cherche à l'atteindre par l'amour un sentiment sanctifié, et divinisé ; mais c
... Show Moreإن التعبير ينوء بأثقال كبيرة ، وهذه المشكلة قد تتضاعف ،لأنَّ التعبير يحتاج إلى مها ا رت " لم
تنجح المدرسة في تنميتها تنمية صحيحة " ولأنّهُ يصطدم بعوامل معوقة متعددة منها ثنائية اللغة ،
وكثافة الصفوف ، وغياب المنهج ، وٕاهمال التصحيح، ووضع المدرس لكلمة "لوحظ" من غير
ملاحظة شيء وقلة الحصص ، وضعف الربط بين فروع اللغة ، والتساهل في إعداد المدرس.
وقد كان من نتائج د ا رسة أجرتها المنظمة العربية للتربية والثقافة
Abstract: Various peoples have contributed to building the Islamic civilization through the achievements and creativity of their scholars. In particular, the Kurdish scholars have provided new and great services to the Holy Qur’an that deserves attention. For example, it is no secret that Sheikh Ahmadian, with his interpretation, rendered a great service to the Glorious Book of God. His style is distinguished by modernity, seriousness and objectivity, and represents a lively response to the needs of the Kurdish Muslim people. Due to the importance of Ahmadian’s interpretation of the Qur’an, therefore, I have demonstrated his approach in this research in terms of dealing with his interpretation of the Qur’an with the Qur’an, the
... Show MoreIndia is today the largest democratic state in the Third World and has been able to maintain its national unity in the near future. The history of Indian civilization is more than 5,000 years old. It has achieved its heritage, culture, philosophy, traditions, national unity and unity and has taken its place among nations seeking progress and progress. Which are still visible to the present day, because of their history of civilization and achievements, and the fusion of cultures of invading peoples over the centuries with the culture of diverse Indian society, but despite being a secular state, Has put into place through its governments various forms of exclusion and marginalization towards the people of India, especially Muslims, and th
... Show MoreThe research problem stems from the suffering of organizations from the weakness of their organizing aspect and the weak influence of the leadership on the subordinates and their dispersion. Organizations today are in rapid development and therefore work relations are not dominated by the humanitarian aspect and the first goal has become productivity. The research aims to identify the influence of servant leadership and its dimensions as an independent variable on the effectiveness of work teams as an approved variable and their importance increases when these organizations are service organizations, and how their influence increases when this leadership is the servant leadership and its dimensions in the Health Depa
... Show MoreThe method of request is one of the important rhetorical methods used by the creator in terms of rhetorical diversification, influence, artistic aesthetics and increasing textual coherence, and we tried through a group (Which torments are inferior) by the poet Majid Al-Rubaie, to shed light on these methods and their ability, displacement, relationality, direct and advertising interactions from them, and what they broadcast From metaphorical purposes is the second image of it, after its main image and title. This cohesion and harmony between the two images is an important and influential rhetorical trend