(لا مجتمــــع الا وبـــــه قـــــانو ن ) مقولـــــه اطلقهـــــا فقیـــــه رومـــــا القدیمـــــة ( شیشـرون ) فالقـانون لـیس ولیـد الیـوم وانمـا منـذ بـدء الخلیقـة بـدأت حاجـة الانسـان الـى قواعـد سـلوكیه یـنظم بهـا حیاتـه ویـرى بهـا حـدود حریتـه بحیـث لاتتجـاوز هـذه الحریة الى حدود حریة الاخرین٠واذا كانـــت المؤسســـیة ودولـــة القـــانون مـــن اهـــم معـــاییر الانتمـــاء الـــى العصر الحـدیث یـأت الخ

ويُعدَّ التعليم الجامعي احد أهم العناصر في تطور المجتمع وسبب مهم في رفع مستوى المجتمع من جميع النواحي الثقافية، والفكرية ، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية العلمية، ويعدّ التعليم الجامعي من وسائل التنمية والمهارات وبناء وإعداد القدرات المادية والبشرية التي تحتاجها القطاعات كافة، ومواكبة التطور العلمي والتكنولوجي؛ ان الهدف الاساس من التعليم الجامعي هو تخريج...

ABSTRACT

The Iraqi Government had used all Possible methods of financing the fiscal deficit according to the economic and Political Circumstances at the time. It had borrowed from abroad during the 1980_s. Those methods of borrowing led to negative impacts on the Iraqi economy such as increased external dept burden, higher inflation rate, negative interest rate and accumulation of domestic debt.

The "Financial Management and Public Debt" law no 95/ 2004 made a great change in those methods of Financing fiscal deficit in Iraq. Before 2004, the deficit was financed by issuing Treasury Bills and selling them to the Central Bank of Iraq with a prefixed interest rate. Thus, i

Efforts of evaluating manuscripts have developed into sciences that take interest into the development of authorship movement. Expanding the rules and fundamentals of this scientific process along with the growing use of modern methods and techniques contributed further to its development.
Such a disciplinedemands comprehensive knowledge in various fields to reach the most valid results that help reveal significant aspects of the cultural heritage since such a process is an ethical responsibility .Therefore, the editor has to be patient and honest in correcting mistakes, choosing the most acceptable narration and pinpointing the additions and differences as well as other requirements of serious editing.
The study was divided into a

The bauxite produced from Al-Ga 'ara area in Al-Enbar containing 50.4 wt. percentages Al₂O₃ was used for a- alumina production.                                                                                                

For α-alumina pro

We have studied in this research litter (Taa) a morphological , sonic indicative and comparative study among four Semitic languages. They are Arabic , Hebrew, Syriac and Akkadian languages . We have divided the research into a number of pivots beginning with an entrance about the letter (Taa) in Semitic languages and the symbols which are used by these languages referring to . Then we have studied (Taa) from sonic side with letters phenomenon (b, g, k, p, t) the six in both Hebrew and Syriac languages . The letter (Taa) is formed one of them and the sonic change that is happening in articulation (Taa) according to sonic rules related to these letters in case of emphasis or in case of neglected (not emphasis). Then we have studied the pro

The success of an organization is significantly influenced by strategic performance, a focal point in recent scholarly investigations and regulatory considerations. This study delves into the examination of the impact of strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation on the strategic performance within the context of the oil industry in Iraq. Additionally, the research explores the moderating influence of leadership style on the relationship between strategy formulation, implementation, evaluation, and strategic performance in the Iraqi oil industry. Data collection involved the utilization of survey questionnaires distributed to selected employees of Iraqi oil companies. Statistical analysis, specifically SPSS-AMOS, was employed to s

         This is a contribution to study the situation of a dwelling of previous case of kala- azar in the endemic area (AL-Mahmodiya/ AL-Rasheed district) about 25 km south of Baghdad.  In order to assess the possible ecological causes of the incidence and the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, in one of the well-known foci of the disease in the central region of Iraq. It was found that the human dwelling position and ecological factors affect the infection with this disease.