Thin films of pure polycarbonate (PC) with anthracene doping PC films for different doping ratios (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 ml) were prepared by using a casting method. The influence of anthracene doping ratio on photo-fries rearrangement of polycarbonate was systematic investigated. Furthermore, pure PC and anthracene doping PC films were irradiated via UV light at a wavelength (254 nm) for different periods (5, 240, 288, and 360 hrs). The photo-fries rearrangement occurring in pure PC and anthracene doping PC films were monitored using UV and FTIR spectroscopies. The photo-fries rearrangement leads to scission the carbonate linkage and formation phenylsalicylate and dihydroxybenzophenes. The result of the UV spectrum confirms disappear of polycarbonate peaks, while phenylsalicylate and dihydroxybenzophenone peaks appear at (320 nm) and (360 nm), respectively. The formation of a dihydroxybiphenyl compound reveals when the UV peak distinguishes at (340 nm). FTIR spectroscopy supported forms of phenylsalicylate and dihydroxybenzophenone compounds which appear in carbonyl region at (1689 cm-1) and (1630 cm-1), respectively. It founds that anthracene accelerates the photo-fries rearrangement of polycarbonate in the anthracene doping PC films because anthracene leads to formation of excited singlet state oxygen (1O2). Singlet oxygen (1O2) leads to the formation of a hydro peroxide, which could decompose and cause to chain scission and formation of a terminal of a carbonyl group. The presence of the carbonyl groups in the polymer makes it photo-labile, also warns that the polymer is vulnerable to deterioration.
The visual impression represents a compound process of a group of concepts that might be secondary and interrelated to constitute, in reality, a cognitive image stored in the memory that can be retrieved according the implications of the situation in which the individual lives in his environment, as it awakens in him an image from the sub consciousness, thus it gets stimulated, and it is among the tangible things.
Since we live in our contemporary world under the development of knowledge, micro and wide technology of the devices, tools, materials, mechanisms, current developments and openness… etc. this transformation created visual impressions that the individual in general and the consumer in specific enjoys concerning his
There are a lot of measures for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but what distinguishes it from other measures is the number of short paragraphs and concise depending on the classification of American Psychiatric Association (APA), which can be applied by the researchers on a large number, Because the Iraqi society suffered from psychological trauma due to wars, conflicts and occupation and the resulting psychological disorders of the members of Iraqi society, especially post-traumatic stress disorder, as mentioned by many studies and researches.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to standardize the PTSD scale for students at Baghdad University. For the Psychologist Fua . E. which was applied in many foreign studies.
The current study deals with one of the ancient and modern techniques of ceramic art, which has evolved dramatically. This technique is interested in the muddy Body and its coloring, rather than interesting in the coloring of the layer on the surface of the glass port on the ceramic object. It is classified as ceramic techniques of the single heartburn, where use many coloring oxides. As well as, the use of (Pigment), which is often made of metal compounds, or metal oxides such as iron and manganese, copper and cobalt and more others.
The first chapter includes the problem, the importance, the goal, and the boundaries of the study. In addition, focuses on determining the terms such as (Sgrafitto). The second chapter consists of two to
Abstract:
This research sheds light on the major sins (fornication and sodomy) as two crimes that are prohibited by the divine laws, including its conclusion by the Islamic Sharia. Major sins so that life and the universe are organized, and the individual lives a life of chastity and purity free of filth and filth. The Islamic message included a set of preventive measures and remedial methods that, if the ummah were to apply them, they would live a decent life full of noble goals.
Background and purpose: Animal model helps researchers to evaluate new treatment plan for human and understand pathological mechanism involved in a development of disease. The use of rats as an animal model for Alzheimer's research has become a favorite among researchers. Rats are capable in mimicking Alzheimer disease due to their intelligence and quick adaptation to nature. At present there are several methods that can be used to induce Alzheimer's animals, but each method has advantages and disadvantages. We need to learn other methods that can provide many advantages and few disadvantages. The Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ-42) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are thought to play an important role in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Th
... Show MoreThe Caputo definition of fractional derivatives introduces solution to the difficulties appears in the numerical treatment of differential equations due its consistency in differentiating constant functions. In the same time the memory and hereditary behaviors of the time fractional order derivatives (TFODE) still common in all definitions of fractional derivatives. The use of properties of companion matrices appears in reformulating multilevel schemes as generalized two level schemes is employed with the Gerschgorin disc theorems to prove stability condition. Caputo fractional derivatives with finite difference representations is considered. Moreover the effect of using the inverse operator which tr
This paper proposes a self organizing fuzzy controller as an enhancement level of the fuzzy controller. The adjustment mechanism provides explicit adaptation to tune and update the position of the output membership functions of the fuzzy controller. Simulation results show that this controller is capable of controlling a non-linear time varying system so that the performance of the system improves so as to reach the desired state in a less number of samples.
Eichhornia, or water hyacinth represents a serious threat to potable water basins. This problem is materialized majorly in consuming large amounts of water and dissolved Oxygen that is necessary for aquatic life, and minorly in hindering water streams. Even there are limited trials to overcome such pests, none of them presents an acceptable solution economically and logically. Chlorine is a well-known biocide and broadly used in water industry. It could give a possible method to fight such weed. To investigate that, concentration-time plot should be introduced similar to any other microorganisms; especially, bacteria in water. In this work, various doses of Chlorine along various time
The research dealt with the study of the element of time in the cinematic language and the role it plays in creating the aesthetic meanings in the documentary film by means of the various structural constructions with which time is constructed. The research included the introduction and the problem of research, which was represented by the following question: (Did the documentary film adopt the values of time formats in the fiction film or it created for itself special linguistic formulations and models which achieve the aesthetic concept?). It also included the importance of research, the need for it and its goal in addition to clarifying the limits of research.The theoretical framework included three sections the first of which is the
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