A New Spectrophotometric Methods are improved for determination Metronidazole (MTZ) and Metronidazolebenzoate (MTZB) depending on1STand 2nd derivative spectrum of the two drugs by using ethanol as a solvent. Many techniques were proportionated with concentration (peak high to base line, peak to peak and peak area). The linearity of the methodsranged between(1-25µg.ml-1) is obtained. The results were precise and accurate throw RSD% were between (0.041-0.751%) and (0.0331-0.452%), Rec% values between (97.78, 101.87%) and (98.033-102.39%) while the LOD between (0.051-0.231 µg.ml-1) and (0.074-1.04 µg.ml-1) and LOQ between (0.170-0.770µg.ml-1) and (0.074-0.313 µg.ml-1) of (MTZ) and of (MTZB) respectively. These Methods were successfully ap

The problem of Bi-level programming is to reduce or maximize the function of the target by having another target function within the constraints. This problem has received a great deal of attention in the programming community due to the proliferation of applications and the use of evolutionary algorithms in addressing this kind of problem. Two non-linear bi-level programming methods are used in this paper. The goal is to achieve the optimal solution through the simulation method using the Monte Carlo method using different small and large sample sizes. The research reached the Branch Bound algorithm was preferred in solving the problem of non-linear two-level programming this is because the results were better.

          In this work, the modified Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction is used to find a nonlinear Ritz approximation of Fredholm functional defined by the nonhomogeneous Camassa-Holm equation and Benjamin-Bona-Mahony. We introduced the modified Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction for nonhomogeneous problems when the dimension of the null space is equal to two.  The nonlinear Ritz approximation for the nonhomogeneous Camassa-Holm equation has been found as a function of codimension twenty-four.

A procedure for the mutual derivatization and determination of thymol and Dapsone was developed and validated in this study. Dapsone was used as the derivatizing agent for the determination of thymol, and thymol was used as the derivatizing agent for the determination of Dapsone. An optimization study was performed for the derivatization reaction; i.e., the diazonium coupling reaction. Linear regression calibration plots for thymol and Dapsone in the direct reaction were constructed at 460 nm, within the concentration range of 0.3-7 μg ml-1 for thymol and 0.3-4 μg ml-1 for Dapsone, with limits of detection 0.086 and 0.053 μg ml-1, respectively. Corresponding plots for the cloud point extraction of thymol and Dapsone were constructed

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulphite SO3-2 is described. The method is based on the rapid reduction of known amount of chromate CrO4-2 in the presence of sulphite in acidic medium of 2N H2SO4. The amount of excess of chromate was measured after it reactions with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide which finally gives a pink-violet, water soluble and stable complex, which exhibit a maximum absorption at 542 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range from 0.004-6.0 µg of sulphite in a final volume of 25 ml with a molar absorbtivity of 4.64×104 l.mol-1.cm-1, Sandal's sensitivity index of 0.001724 ?g .cm-2 and relative standard deviation of ±0.55 - ±0.83 depending on the concentration level. The present

Estimation of the unknown parameters in 2-D sinusoidal signal model can be considered as important and difficult problem. Due to the difficulty to find estimate of all the parameters of this type of models at the same time, we propose sequential non-liner least squares method and sequential robust  M method after their development through the use of sequential  approach in the estimate suggested by Prasad et al to estimate unknown frequencies and amplitudes for the 2-D sinusoidal compounds but depending on Downhill Simplex Algorithm in solving non-linear equations for the purpose of obtaining non-linear parameters estimation which represents frequencies and then use of least squares formula to estimate

In this research, we dealt with the study of the Non-Homogeneous Poisson process, which is one of the most important statistical issues that have a role in scientific development as it is related to accidents that occur in reality, which are modeled according to Poisson’s operations, because the occurrence of this accident is related to time, whether with the change of time or its stability. In our research, this clarifies the Non-Homogeneous hemispheric process and the use of one of these models of processes, which is an exponentiated - Weibull model that contains three parameters (α, β, σ) as a function to estimate the time rate of occurrence of earthquakes in Erbil Governorate, as the governorate is adjacent to two countr

A novel analytical method is developed for the determination of azithromycin. The method utilizes continuous flow injection analysis to enhance the chemiluminescence system of luminol, H2O2, and Cr(III). The method demonstrated a linear dynamic range of 0.001–100 mmol L-1 with a high correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9978, and 0.001–150 mmol L-1 with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9769 for the chemiluminescence emission versus azithromycin concentration. The limit of detection (L.O.D.) of the method was found to be 18.725 ng.50 µL−1 based on the stepwise dilution method for the lowest concentration within the linear dynamic range of the calibration graph. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D. %) for n = 6 was less than 1.2%

In this work, a simple and very sensitive cloud point extraction (CPE) process was developed for the determination of trace amount of metoclopramide hydrochloride (MTH) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based on the extraction of the azo-dye results from the coupling reaction of diazotized MTH with p-coumaric acid (p-CA) using nonionic surfactant (Triton X114). The extracted azo-dye in the surfactant rich phase was dissolved in ethanol and detected spectrophotometrically at λmax 480 nm. The reaction was studied using both batch and CPE methods (with and without extraction) and a simple comparison between the two methods was performed. The conditions that may be affected by the extraction process and the sensitivity of m

Abstract

The use of modern scientific methods and techniques, is considered important topics to solve many of the problems which face some sector, including industrial, service and health. The researcher always intends to use modern methods characterized by accuracy, clarity and speed to reach the optimal solution and be easy at the same time in terms of understanding and application.

the research presented this comparison between the two methods of solution for linear fractional programming models which are linear transformation for Charnas & Cooper , and denominator function restriction method through applied on the oil heaters and gas cookers plant , where the show after reac