In this paper, variable gain nonlinear PD and PI fuzzy logic controllers are designed and the effect of the variable gain characteristic of these controllers is analyzed to show its contribution in enhancing the performance of the closed loop system over a conventional linear PID controller. Simulation results and time domain performance characteristics show how these fuzzy controllers outperform the conventional PID controller when used to control a nonlinear plant and a plant that has time delay.

Electronic remote identification (ER-ID) is a new radio frequency (RF) technology that is initiated by the Federal Aviation Authorities (FAA). For security reasons, traffic control, and so on, ER-ID has been applied for drones by the FAA to enable them to transmit their unique identification and location so that unauthorized drones can be identified. The current limitation of the existing ER-ID algorithms is that the application is limited to the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless controllers, which results in a maximum range of 10–20 m for Bluetooth and 50–100 m for Wi-Fi. In this study, a mathematical computing technique based on finite state automaton (FSA) is introduced to expand the range of the ER-ID RF system and reduce the ene

Linear motor offers several features in many applications that require linear motion. Nevertheless, the presence of cogging force can deteriorate the thrust of a permanent magnet linear motor. Using several methodologies, a design of synchronous single sided linear iron-core motor was proposed. According to exact formulas with surface-mounted magnets and concentrated winding specification, which are relying on geometrical parameters. Two-dimensional performance analysis of the designed model and its multi-objective optimization were accomplished as a method to reduce the motor cogging force using MAXWELL ANSYS. The optimum model design results showed that the maximum force ripple was approximatrly reduced by 81.24%compared to the origina

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of aromatic compounds that contain at least two rings. These compounds are found naturally in petroleum products and are considered the most prevalent pollutants in the environment. The lack of microorganism capable of degrading some PAHs led to their accumulation in the environment which usually causes major health problems as many of these compounds are known carcinogens. Xanthene is one of the small PAHs which has three rings. Many xanthene derivatives are useful dyes that are used for dyeing wood and cosmetic articles. However, several studies have illustrated that these compounds have toxic and carcinogenic effects. The first step of the bacterial degradation of xanthene is conducted by d

The determiner phrase is a syntactic category that appears inside the noun phrase and makes it definite or indefinite or quantifies it. The present study has found wide parametric differences between the English and Arabic determiner phrases in terms of the inflectional features, the syntactic distribution of determiners and the word order of the determiner phrase itself. In English, the determiner phrase generally precedes the head noun or its premodifying adjectival phrase, with very few exceptions where some determiners may appear after the head noun. In Arabic, parts of the determiner phrase precede the head noun and parts of it must appear after the head noun or after its postmodifying adjectival phrase creating a discontinu

The local authority represented by the Provincial Council and the administrative units thereof has legislative and supervisory functions which are in the administration and supervision of the local public utilities as provided for by the laws in force. The subject of the interactive relationship between the federal authority and the provincial councils not organized in one of the main problems that accompanied the emergence and application of decentralized system Iraq after 2003, which began since the writing of the Constitution in force for the year 2005 and the law of the provinces No. 21 of 2008 This law has been subjected to political recordings that eventually led to the appearance of this consensus image. The weakness of the legisl

Tin oxide was deposited by using vacuum thermal method on silicon wafer engraved by Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) Machine. The inscription was engraved by diamond-made brine. Deep 0.05 mm in the form of concentric squares. Electrical results in the dark were shown high value of forward current and the high value of the detection factor from 6.42 before engraving to 10.41 after engraving. (I-V) characters in illumination with powers (50, 100, 150, 200, 250) mW/cm2 show Improved properties of the detector, Especially at power (150, 200, 250) mW/cm2. Response improved in rise time from 2.4 μs to 0.72 μs and time of inactivity improved 515.2 μs to 44.2 μs. Sensitivity angle increased at zone from 40o to 65o.

There is no doubt that teachers are the leaders of positive changing in community where they directed the students and build their brains. In our current generation that characterized by accelerated technological development that communication changes, economic and politics, needs from the teacher an active leadership skills that match with the soul of our generation and contribute in confrontation the current challenges and the future challenges in the form that lead to create a conscious generation where they will be a basic brick for the future community where the listeners looking forward the education where they support the continuity communication of develop process, economy, scientifically and in all life fields. In our study we take