Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques. Further identification was done by using HPLC, IR and MP. Pure Trigonelline was isolated from the seeds of Trigonella-foenum graecum excluding other alkaloid like choline. In this study, a new, fast and convenient method for isolation and purification of Trigonelline from fenugreek seeds has been established. Unlike other methods, this one excludes all the non-alkaloidal components from the fenugreek seeds extract.
This paper is devoted to an inverse problem of determining discontinuous space-wise dependent heat source in a linear parabolic equation from the measurements at the final moment. In the existing literature, a considerably accurate solution to the inverse problems with an unknown space-wise dependent heat source is impossible without introducing any type of regularization method but here we have to determine the unknown discontinuous space-wise dependent heat source accurately using the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) without applying the regularization technique. This HWCM is based on finite-difference and Haar wavelets approximation to the inverse problem. In contrast to othe
Societies developed throughout history with the development of life technology, that ideas presented by the contemporary art have been crystallized. The development included all the artistic fields such as the dramatic arts which depend on many effects and elements that led to the completion of the structure of the theater show. Scenography is considered one of the most important elements that the theatre show depends on such as the decoration, lighting, sound effects, costumes and accessories. The research addressed the following question: what are the characteristics and traits of scenography in the theatre show?
The research importance has become clear because it sheds lights on the characteristics of scenography in the Iraqi thea
Vocational stresses and their relation with the level of ambition among the lecturers of the university In general , vocational stresses affect the attention and the process of focusing making individual busy with solving of his daily problems instead of his job. The vocational stresses , anxiety and tension are factors effecting the physical and psychological ability of the individual. This study aims to measure the vocational stresses among the lecturers of the university , to measure the level of ambition among them, to identify the statistical differences significant among them according to sex variable, to identify the differences significant in level of ambition among them according to sex variable and to identify the correlation r
... Show MoreIn the theory of cinema genre, horror films are at the forefront of the list. It is one of the oldest genres that saw the light with the early emergence of cinema, taking advantage of literary works, especially Gothic literature and it continues to this day, but the third millennium has seen a marked increase in the number of films and recipients alike. There were many types within the same genre and there are many authors and varied topics, all seeking to spread terror and panic and fear in the hearts of viewers who are passionate about the type of horror. Although the fear and horror have been, throughout the ages, a challenge to the psychological balance and stability, as well as being a rejection and an opposition to the aesthetic ta
... Show Morethe shear strength parameters of the treated and untreated gypsum soil under the effect of four soaking and drying cycles has studied in this paper, moreover examined the effect of wetting and drying cycles on the collapse potential of the soil and comparing between the behavior of the treated and untreated gypsum soil under the effect of the two conditions. Gypsum soil sample brought from Sawa lake in Al Muthana governorate with the content of gypsum 65.5%, the polyurethane polymer (PP) was used with different percentages 3, 6, and 10% to enhance the mechanical properties of gypsum soil, model was prepared to achieve four soaking and drying cycle to the samples before testing, this model consists of an Aluminum plate base with dimensions 7
... Show MoreAbstract:
The aim of the research is to demonstrate the impact of the salary localization service in enhancing banking competitive advantage. In order to achieve this goal, salary localization was chosen as an independent variable and its impact was studied on the dependent variable, which is the competitive advantage. The research problem lies in the fluctuation of the salary localization service from one bank to another and the impact of this on the competitive advantage. The study sample included five private Iraqi banks, namely (the National Bank of Iraq, the International Development Bank, Assyria International Bank, Al Khaleej Commercial Ban
... Show MoreThis research paper is about synoptic climate specifically with in the upper air layers
using upper air layers maps analysis which are maps of thickness for the level 1000 – 500
MB, that their high average ranges between 100 – 5600 M above surface. This research paper
focuses on studying special and temporal variations of the atmosphere thickness above Iraqaccording
to this study, it is concluded that atmosphere thickness above Iraq increases
towards south with an average of 100 M as compared with north of Iraq. Regarding the
temporal variations, it is concluded that atmosphere thickness during hot months. In July, for
example, the atmosphere thickness becomes thicker than in January with an average of
(250)M
The status of the semi total stoppage and non-use and waste of economic made studying and analyzing Dutch disease of high importance because it is a major cause in aggravation of this status which happened to the Iraqi economy in almost complete way and the relative big importance that oil source has and its domination on the largest percentage in the gross domestic product and exports that Iraqi economy is relying largely in funding the national budget made the concentration of the study on this subject an important and necessary within the important economic events that Iraqi economy witnessed after 2003 till 2016 to give a clear and an overall picture of the reality of the unilateral Iraqi economy under the status of semi tota
... Show MoreCholinesterases are among the most efficient enzymes known. They are divided into two groups: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) involved in the hydrolysis of the neurotransimitter acetylcholine, and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of unknown function. Several crystal structures of the former have shown that the active site is located at the bottom of a deep and narrow gorge. Human BChE has attracted attention because it can hydrolyze toxic esters and nerve agents. Here we analyze the complexes of cholinesterase with soman by describing the 3D geometry of the complex, the active site, the changes happened through the inhibition and provide a description for the mechanism of inhibition. Soman undergoes degradation in the active site of the AChE and B
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