A pioneering idea for increasing the thermal performance of heat transfer fluids was to use ultrafine solid particles suspended in the base fluid. Nanofluids, synthesized by mixing solid nanometer sized particles at low concentrations with the base fluid, were used as a new heat transfer fluid and developed a remarkable effect on the thermophysical properties and heat transfer coefficient. For any nanofluid to be usable in heat transfer applications, the main concern is its long-term stability. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of using four different surfactants (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and gum Arabic (GA)), each with three different

With the advancement of technology ,the study of  cross-cultural communication via on line  has become  an important and researchable topic in linguistic theory and its applications.The  aims of  this study are two- fold (a)  exploring the influence of cultural diversity on on-line interaction between American  native  speakers (NSs) and  Iraqi non-native speakers (NNSs) of English which, together with other factors might potentially lead to what Thomas(1983) calls  "pragmatic failure" (PF), a main cause of communication breakdowns  and (b) specifying  which  type of PF  occurs more frequently between the two groups along with the reasons behind such failures. To achie

 Avascular necrosis have always presented great challenges to orthopedic surgeons and patients, remain in many ways today the unsolved dilemma. Varieties of non-vascularized bone grafting techniques preceded by core decompression have been proposed with varying degrees of success. O bb j ee cc t i vv ee ss : The aim of this study is to review the the value of core decompression and non-vascularized tibial bone strip graft treatment for early stages of non-traumatic osteonecrosis stage II & III according to stein burg staging . M ee t hh oo dd ss : prospectively reviewed 26 patients (32 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head between June 2006 and December 2013 at Imam Ali hospital in Sader city & Al-Wasity teaching hosp

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the principal nosocomial causative agents. This bacterium has the capability to resist wide range of antibiotics and it is responsible for many diseases like skin, nose and wounds infection. In this study, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR was applied with ten random primers to examine the molecular diversity among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the hospitals and to investigate the genetic distance between them. 90 Isolates were collected from clinical specimens from Iraqi hospitals for a total of 90 isolates. Only 10 strains (11.11%) were found to be MRSA. From these 10 primers, only 9 gave clear amplification products. 91 fragment l

The work involves synthesis of new quinolin-2-one Schiff bases (XIII)a,b and (XIV)a,b, pyrazoles (XI)a,b and pyrazolines (XII)a,b derivatives containing isoxazoline or pyrimidine cycle starting with chalcones. 3-Aminoacetophenone was reacted with 4-bromobenzaldehyde or 4-N,N-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde in basic medium to give chalcones (I)a,b by Claisen-Schemidt reaction. These chalcons were reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or with thiourea in basic medium to form isoxazolines (II)a,b or pyrimidine-2-thion (III)a,b ,respectively.Also the pyrimidine-2-thiones (III)a,b and isoxazolines (II)a,b reacted with 4-or 3-substituted benzaldehyde and coumarin to form Schiff bases (IV)a-f (V)a-f and quinoline derivatives (VII)a-d(VIII)a-d, re

The search involve the synthesis of some new 1,3-oxazepine and 1,3-diazepine derivatives were synthesized from Schiff base. The Schiff base (VIII) prepared from reaction of aldehyde (IV) derived from L-ascorbic acid with aromatic amine ([2-(4- nitrophenyl)-5-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole] (VII). Oxazepine compounds (IX-XI) were synthesized from the cyclic condensation of Schiff base (VIII) with (maleic, phthalic and 3-nitrophthalic) anhydride, compounds (IX-XI) that were reacted with p-methoxyaniline to give diazepine derivatives (XII-XIV). The structures of the new synthesized compounds have been confirmed by physical properties and spectroscopy measurements such as FTIR, and some of them by 1 H-NMR, 13 CNMR, Mass, and evaluated

Sn(II) complex of the type, [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was synthesized by the interaction of Sulfamethoxazole ligand and Tin Chloride, the complex was confirmed on the basis of results of elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-Vis, molar conductance (Ëm). The elemental analysis data, suggests the stoichiometry to be 1:2 (metal: ligand) and determination of the formula of a coordination a complex formed between the Sn(II) ion and the SMZ using Job’s method of continuous variations. The study of (Ëm), indicated the electrolytic nature type 1:2. The [Sn(SMZ)2]Cl2 was screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-ve (Escherichia coli and Gram+ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and (Candida albicans) antifungal. The IR spectral data suggested that the coordination sit

            β-thalassaemia consists of 3 chief forms: thalassaemia primary (other called "cooley's Anaemia" or "Mediterranean durability Anaemia"), thalassaemia intermedia or thalassaemia minor also frequent termed "β-thalassaemia carrier", "β-thalassaemia trait" however, "heterozygous β-thalassaemia". separately from the rare magisterial forms, problem along β-thalassaemia essential are homozygotes or made heterozygotes because B⁰ and B⁺ genes, problem including thalassaemia intermedia are typically homozygotes and compound heterozygotes then subjected with thalassaemia minor are broadly heterozygotes.

In this study, we t

Polycyclicacetal was prepared from the reaction of PEG with aldehyde derived from Erythro-ascorbic acid (pentulosono-ɣ-lactone-2,3-enedianisoate).All these compounds were characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and FTIR spectra and aldehyde was also characterized by (U.V-Vis), 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and mass spectra.The inhibitory effect of prepared polymer on the activity of human serum AcetylCholinesterase has been studied in vitro. The polymer showed a remarkable activity at low concentration (4.7x10-3 – 4.7x10-8M).