A significant increase in the incidence of non-O157 verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) infections have become a serious health issues, and this situation is worsening due to the dissemination of plasmid mediated multidrug-resistant microorganisms worldwide. This study aims to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. Standard microbiological techniques identified a total of 137 E. coli isolates. The plasmid was detected by Perfectprep Plasmid Mini preparation kit. These isolates were subjected to disk diffusion assay, and plasmid curing with ethidium bromide treatment. The plasmid containing isolates were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for investigating the presence of plasmid mediated verotoxin gene (VT1 and VT2) in non-O157 E. coli. Among the 137 E. coli isolates, 49 isolates were non-O157 E. coli while 29 (59.1%) isolates were verotoxin producing non-O157 serotypes and 26 non-O157 VTEC isolates possessed plasmids. Certain isolates harboured single sized plasmid while others had multiple plasmids with different size varied from 1.8kb to 7.6kb. A plasmid containing all (100%) the isolates was multidrug-resistant. Eight isolates changed their susceptibility patterns while three isolates were found to lose plasmid after post plasmid curing treatment and the rest of the isolates (15) remained constant. Different PCR sets characterized 3 plasmid-mediated verotoxins producing non-O157 E. coli. This current study demonstrated the occurrence of plasmid mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the global literature on plasmid-mediated verotoxin gene in non-O157 E. coli. Timely diagnosis and surveillance of VTEC infections should prioritize to stop or slow down the virulence gene for dissemination by plasmid-mediated gene transfer amongst the same bacteria or other species.
Summary of the research Family violence, its causes and effects on society (women and children). Search Goal: The current research aims to identify: 1. Causes of family and social violence (for children and women). 2. How to process. research importance : Domestic violence is a major and devastating problem that has a negative and direct impact on children in particular and women or mothers in general. The problem of domestic violence is linked to many factors and individual, social, economic, psychological and environmental variables, which makes one theory that claims to be inaccurate. It is difficult to understand the nature of family violence without linking it to some of the concepts related to it. The negative effects that may lead
... Show MoreResults showed that the optimum conditions for production of inulunase from isolate Kluyveromyces marxianus AY2 by submerged culture could be achieved by using inulin as carbon source at a concentration of 2% with mixture of yeast extract and ammonium sulphate in a ratio of 1:1 in a concentration of 1% at initial pH 5.5 after incubation for 42 hours at 30ºC.
In this investigation a high density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as a substitute to polyvinylchloride in the production of lead acid battery separators. This has been achieved by preparing mixtures of different percentages of the feed materials which include a high density polyethylene (HDPE) locally produced, filler materials such as silica and oils such as dioctylphthalate (DOP) or paraffin which were added to the mixture to improve the final properties of the separator. The materials were compounded by two roll-mills under the same conditions. The following parameters are involved: &nb
... Show MoreBackground: Healing of a tooth extraction socket is a complex process involving tissue repair and regeneration. It involves chemotaxis of appropriate cells into the wound, Transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to osteoprogenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation of committed bone forming cells, extracellular matrix synthesis, mineralization of osteoid, maturation and remodeling of bone. These cellular events are precisely controlled and regulated by specific signaling molecules. Some of these like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and insulin like growth factors (IGF) are well conserved proteins involved in the initial response to injur
... Show MoreThe purpose of this research is to explain the effect of the dropping of three zeroes from Iraqi dinar on the basic role of the dinar and derivative and dynamic in transaction of Iraqi economic. the importance of this research comes from the effect of this operation on the evaluation of the exchange between the individuals of Iraqi society and the other between the Iraqi individuals and the foreign whom use the Iraqi dinar as a tool for exchange also the effect of the operation on the reserves of the Iraqi dinar the results of this research are as the following:-
1-the operation of dropping of zeroes must be associated with increase of the sharing of economic sectors wi
... Show MoreBackground: Consanguineous marriage is a relationship between biologically related individuals. Genetic factors have a role in gene environment interactions that takes the center stage. The evidence of oral disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) may depend on genetic syndromes, inherited diseases, familial studies etc. The present study aims at assessing dental plaque and gingival health condition in children of inbreeding parents compared with children of outbreeding parents among primary schools in Al-Qasem city/ Babylon governorate in Iraq. Materials and methods: this comparative study included three hundred ninety eight (398) students, 6-12 years old, from 4 primary schools; 199 children had their parents of inbreeding marriage with
... Show MoreThe environmental surfaces hygiene of college premises like classrooms play role in spreading different pathogenic bacteria, furthermore a Medical students are often potential vectors for resistant bacteria to their entourage. This study aimed to assess bacterial contamination and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents in the educational classroom of Al-Kindy College of medicine in two classrooms: one occupied by clinical visitor and non-clinical visitor students to evaluate and determine its health risk. In this cross-sectional study, different sites of the educational classroom of Al-Kindy College of medicine were studied. Ninety-sex Different swab samples were collected from 8 different sites of college across bot
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