A sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of cefdinir (CFD), a cephalosporin species. This study involves two methods, and the first method includes the preparing of azo dye by the reaction of CFD diazonium salt with 4-Tert-Butylphenol (4-TBP) and 2-Naphthol (2-NPT) in alkaline medium, which shows colored dyes measured at λmax 490 and 535 nm, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed along the concentration range of (3-100) μg.ml-1. The limits of detection were 0.246, 0.447 μg.ml-1 and molar absorptivities were 0.6129×104, 0.3361×104 L.mol-1cm-1 for (CFD-4-TBP) and (CFD-2-NPT), respectively. The second method includes preconcentration for cefdinir dyes by using cloud point extraction in the presence of Triton X-114 (10% v/v) and recording measurements using the UV-Visible technique. Cloud point extraction enables the drug to be precisely estimated under the optimal experimental conditions. The concentrations were ranged between (0.1-6.0) and (0.2-6.0) μg.ml-1. The limits of detection were 0.032, 0.054 μg.ml-1 and molar absorptivities were 0.4733×105, 0.2788×105 L.mol-1cm-1, respectively. Enrichment factors were 24.61, 24.58, and distribution coefficients were 1526, 1393 for (CFD-4-TBP), (CFD-2-NPT), respectively. The proposed methods have been applied for the determination of CFD in commercial formulation with no interference. The results appear to be no significant difference between the two methods.
A new four series of 2,2′-([1,1′- phenyl or biphenyl]-4,4′-diylbis(azanediyl)) bis(N′-((E)-1-(4-alkoxyphenyl) ethylidene) acetohydrazide) [V-XI]a,b and 1,1′-(2,2′-([1,1′- phenyl or biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl bis(azanediyl)) bis- (acetyl)) bis(3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbalde hyde) [XII-XVIII]a,b have been synthesized by varying terminal lateral alkoxy chain length (n = 1–3, 5–8), central linkage group (phenyl or biphenyl) and induced pyrazole heterocyclic ring in the main chain. The last two series were synthesized by the cyclization of substituted acetophenone hydrazones with Vilsmeier–Haack reagent (DMF/POCl3) to produce 4-formylpyrazole derivatives. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were examine
... Show MoreThis study aimed to explore The Degree of Practicing of the Sixth Primary Social Studies’ Teachers in Iraq for the Principles of Active Learning from their Point of view
The study society consisted of 230 male and femalesocial studiesteachers’ subjects for the sixth primary grade in Al-Anbar General Directorate of Education. 160 of them were selected to represent the sample of the study with a percent of (70%) from the original society. To achieve the aims of the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire consisting of (43) items which represented the active learning principles. The validity and stability of the tool were verified. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the objectives of this study. &
... Show MoreFive new ceftazidime derivatives were designed and synthesized in an attempt to improve the acid stability and may increase the spectrum of ceftazidime. The synthesized compounds included; Schiff base of ceftazidime (compound 1), ceftazidime lysine amide Schiff base (compound 2), ceftazidime lysine amide (compound 3), ceftazidime-di-lysine amide Schiff base (compound 4) and ceftazidime-di-lysine amide (compound 5). New ceftazidime derivatives were successfully prepared characterized and identified using spectral and elemental microanalysis (CHNS) analyses and the results comply with the calculated measurements.
Compounds 1 and 2 were subjected to a stability study in phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH 7.4) and in KCl/HCl buffer (0.
... Show MoreIn this article, we study some properties of anti-fuzzy sub-semigroup, anti fuzzy left (right, two sided) ideal, anti fuzzy ideal, anti fuzzy generalized bi-ideal, anti fuzzy interior ideals and anti fuzzy two sided ideal of regular semigroup. Also, we characterized regular LA-semigroup in terms of their anti fuzzy ideal.
Segmented regression consists of several sections separated by different points of membership, showing the heterogeneity arising from the process of separating the segments within the research sample. This research is concerned with estimating the location of the change point between segments and estimating model parameters, and proposing a robust estimation method and compare it with some other methods that used in the segmented regression. One of the traditional methods (Muggeo method) has been used to find the maximum likelihood estimator in an iterative approach for the model and the change point as well. Moreover, a robust estimation method (IRW method) has used which depends on the use of the robust M-estimator technique in
... Show MoreThis study involves the synthesis of new azodye, derived from 2-Amino-6ethoxybenzothiazole and 4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol . The characterization of dye has been described by C.H.N. The TG , IR and Visible. spectroscopic techniques .The acid-base properties were studied at different pH values . The ionization and protonation constants of dye were determined. Solvents effects were also studied at different solvents polarities . The optimum conditions of this formation of complex with Fe(III) were investigated . The analytical applications of this azodye , were studied like; using it as acid-base indicator , and for the determination of nitrite ions
Characterization of the heterogonous reservoir is complex representation and evaluation of petrophysical properties and application of the relationships between porosity-permeability within the framework of hydraulic flow units is used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells. Techniques of flow unit or hydraulic flow unit (HFU) divided the reservoir into zones laterally and vertically which can be managed and control fluid flow within flow unit and considerably is entirely different with other flow units through reservoir. Each flow unit can be distinguished by applying the relationships of flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Supporting the relationship between porosity and permeability by using flow zone indictor is ca
... Show MoreThe purpose of my thesis is to synthesis two new bidentate ligands which were used to prepare series of metal complexes by reacting the ligands with (M+2 = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd and Hg) Succinyl chloride was used as starting material to synthesis two bidentate ligands (L1) and (L2) by reaction it with 4-chloroaniline (L1) and (4-aminoacetophenone) (L2) in dichloromethane as a solvent, that are: (L1) = N1,N4-bis (4-chloro phenyl ) succinamide (L2) =N1,N4-bis(4-acetylphenyl)succinamide The new ligands were characterize by using spectroscopic study (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electronic spectra ( UV-Vis) ,nuclear magnetic resonance(1H,13C-NMR), Mass spectra
... Show MoreThe survival analysis is one of the modern methods of analysis that is based on the fact that the dependent variable represents time until the event concerned in the study. There are many survival models that deal with the impact of explanatory factors on the likelihood of survival, including the models proposed by the world, David Cox, one of the most important and common models of survival, where it consists of two functions, one of which is a parametric function that does not depend on the survival time and the other a nonparametric function that depends on times of survival, which the Cox model is defined as a semi parametric model, The set of parametric models that depend on the time-to-event distribution parameters such as
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