Antibiotic resistance is the major growing threat facing the pharmacological treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, bioprospecting the medicinal plants could provide potential sources for antimicrobial agents. Mimusops, the biggest and widely distributed plant genus of family Sapotaceae, is used in traditional medicines due to its promising pharmacological activities. This study was conducted to elucidate the antimicrobial effect of three unexplored Mimusops spp. (M. kummel, M. laurifolia and M. zeyheri). Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying such antibacterial activity were studied. The Mimusops leaf extracts revealed significant antibacterial activities against the five tested bacterial strains with a maximum inhibition zone diameter of 22.0 mm against B. subtilis compared with standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration values against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains ranged from 3.15-12.5 µg/ml. However, weak antifungal effect was recorded against Candida albicans with MIC value ˃25 µg/ml. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that M. caffra was the best antioxidant (IC50=14.75±0.028 µg/ml), while M. laurifolia was the least one (IC50=34.22±0.014 µg/ml). The phenolics in plant leaves extracts were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which revealed the presence of seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids. The abundant phenolic compounds were rutin (5.216±0.067 mg/g dried wt.) and gallic acid (0.296±0.068 mg/g) followed by myricetin (0.317±0.091 mg/g) then kaempferol (0.113±0.049 mg/g) as flavonoids. The antibacterial mechanism of M. laurifolia extract, as a representative species, induces ultrastructural changes in the model bacterium Staphylococcus aureus with cell wall and plasma membrane lysis as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Overall, Mimusops species (M. laurifolia, M. kummel and M. zeyheri) are promising natural alternative sources for antimicrobial agents.
The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I\D gene polymorphism influences the blood ACE enzyme activity. Renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) varies among patients due to genetic variation, particularly in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System genes. This study investigates the genetic variations of ACE I\D and AGT1RA1166C gene polymorphisms in the antiproteinuric effect of ACEI therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This is a cross-sectional study that included 76 T2DM patients who are ACEI users, divided into two groups: T2DM without diabetic kidney disease (DKD) included 31 patients, and T2DM with DKD included 45 patients. Urine samples were taken for measurement of urine albumin and creatinine, then calcul
... Show MoreF index is a connected graph, sum of the cubes of the vertex degrees. The forgotten topological index has been designed to be employed in the examination of drug molecular structures, which is extremely useful for pharmaceutical and medical experts in understanding the biological activities. Among all the topological indices, the forgotten index is based on degree connectivity on bonds. This paper characterized the forgotten index of union of graphs, join graphs, limits on trees and its complements, and accuracy is measured. Co-index values are analyzed for the various molecular structure of chemical compounds
This study aimed at identity baying the difficulties which face public basic school
principals in jar ash governorate in editing formal letters and correspondence and means of
debating with these problems to collect data the researchers developed a question air were
established the population of the study which represents its sample consisted of 129 principals
65 males and 64 females
The results of the study revealed that the principals face difficulties in office and file
management in preparing plans and reports and writing formal letters and answering them
saved recommendations were presented among which were organizing training sessions and
workshops to train the principals on how to dead with there problems.<
The new Hexadentate complexes type [M(H3L3)]K were prepared from the condensation reaction of Diphenylmonoxime and KOH with (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Hg(II)) in methanol with 3:1 ligand : metal ratio to give a series of new complexes of the general formula [M(H3L3)]K (where: M(II) = Mn ,Co ,N ,Cu ,Zn and Hg).All compounds have been Characterized by spectroscopic methods [I.R, U.v-Vis, atomic absorption and microanalysis (C.H.N) along with conductivity measurements. The stability constant K and Gibbs free energy ∆G were calculated for [Co (H3L3)] K, [Ni (H3L3)] K and [Cu (H3L3)] K and complexes using spectrophotometer method. The obtained values indicate that these complexes stable in their solution. From the above data
... Show MoreSoil defilement with "raw petroleum" is a standout amongst the most across the board and genuine ecological issues going up against both the industrialized and oil country like Iraq. Along these lines, the impact of "raw petroleum" on soil contamination is one of most critical subjects that review these days. The present examination expects to research "unrefined oil"effectson the mechanical and physical properties of clayey soils. The dirt examples were acquired from Al-Doura area in Baghdad city and arranged by the "Brought together Soil Grouping Framework (USCS)" as silty mud of low pliancy (CL). Research center tests were done on contaminated and unpolluted soil tests with same thickness. The dirtied tests are set up by blending
... Show MoreThe research aimed to identify the causal relationship between forgiveness and psychological hardness for university students, by answering the following questions: Does forgiveness cause psychological hardiness? Does psychological hardiness cause forgiveness? Is the relationship between the two variables a reciprocal relationship? The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students from the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya University. To extract the psychometric properties of the two scales: forgiveness and psychological hardiness, a sample of (50) male and female students employed to repeat the test, making the six connections between the two research variables. To determine the causal relationship, The Pearson c
... Show MoreThe features of strategic thought transformation in Russia based on attempt confirm the Russian influenced on Region of Eastern Europe through series of common defense treaties and mutual security between USSR and another states this treaties emphasis size on direct Russian supervision on these states in addition, Russia in trusted to formation communism regimes in its vital space, Russia inherited the status of former USSR in political and economic levels.
Shortly we can see that Russia witnessed large Transformation in political strategic thought as a result of change in internal strategic environment and change of nature understanding which influenced on Russia. This
... Show Moreis divided into two chapter:Chapter one to ensure asyslematic framework for research amd included aresearch problem and also inchuded on the importance of research and the need for him as well as to clarify. The second chapter inchuded a theoretical framework: theoretical framework has been divided into two section. The first topic: poetics transformations The second topic: poetics and scale of rheloric in the film After the comp of the theoretical framework; so the researcher analyzed the film (Antichrist) has arrived ataset of resuits was including