The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on EOS/Aqua satellite provides diverse measurements of Methane (CH4) distribution at different pressure levels in the Earth's atmosphere. The focus of this research is to analyze the vertical variations of (CH4) volume mixing ratio (VMR) time-series data at four Standard pressure levels SPL (925, 850, 600, and 300 hPa) in the troposphere above six cities in Iraq from January 2003 to September 2016. The analysis results of monthly average CH4VMR time-series data show a significant increase between 2003 and 2016, especially from 2009 to 2016; the minimum values of CH4 were in 2003 while the maximum values were in 2016. The vertical distribution of CH4 was relatively high in the cities located in the north of Iraq (Sulaymaniyah and Mosul) more than other cities, especially these in western Iraq (Rutba and Najaf). The highest monthly mean of CH4VMR and standard deviation (SD) was in Sulaymaniyah (1871.11±21.92) ppbv at 925 hPa, while the lowest was in Rutba (1812.81±37.3) ppbv at 300 hPa. Mosul has the second-highest mean and SD next to Sulaymaniyah, especially at the lower levels SPL (925 and 850 hPa) of troposphere more than the rest of selected cities. The seasonal variation of monthly CH4VMR, averaged from 2003 to 2016, shows high values between January and August with a peak between August and September and it declines significantly between October and December with a slight increase in November. Long term trend analysis of monthly CH4VMR at each SPL (925, 850, 600, and 300) hPa above the six cities shows positive values with average growth rates for each SPL equal to (2.9 %, 3.1%, 3.6 %, and 3.9%), respectively. These results indicate that satellite measurements were effective in determining the magnitude of increased CH4 over Iraq that may contribute to the global increase of CH4 in the earth’s Atmosphere.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium data are presented for the binary systems n-hexane - 1-propanol, benzene - 1-propanol and n-hexane – benzene at 760 mm of mercury pressure. In addition ternary data are presented at selected compositions with respect to the 1-propanol in the 1-propanol, benzene, n-hexane system at 760 mmHg. The results indicate the relative volatility of n-hexane relative to benzene increases appreciably with addition of 1-propanol.
The child spends several hours watching animated films, which affect their behavior negatively and positively. This calls parents to monitor what their children are watching, to show them the serious risks of some violent films, and to direct them toward choosing both positive and educational programs that develop their positive behavior. This study aimed to explore the positive and negative effects of watching animation films as well as to identify the role animation films in increasing the cognitive knowledge of kindergarteners. To do this, the descriptive and analytical methods were used. A questionnaire was adopted as a tool for data collection. A scale of (45) items classified into three categories was applied on the r
... Show Moreوماذا ان اخطأت فرنسا في موضوعات العراق
سياسة التعليم لتعزيز الهوية الوطنية في العراق
ظهر التقييس كمفهوم لقياس الضرائب وتحديد الأجور والرواتب منذ مدة ليست طويلة وتم استخدامه في العديد من بلدان العالم. ولاجل تحقيق العدالة في توزيع الدخول ورفع المستوى المعيشي لذوي الدخول المحدودة، اذ يتطلب من الدولة إتباع أسلوب التقييس للأجور والرواتب للموظفين ،إضافة إلى استخدام التقييس في فرض الضرائب وتحديد السماحات اعتمادا على مستوى التضخم في الاقتصاد. خاصة وان الهدف الأساسي من إتباع أسلوب التقييس هو
... Show Moreتعـد الوحـدة الوطنيـة لأي شـعب قاعـدة الارتكـاز للبنـاء الحضـاري والتقـدم والتطـور والتنميـة في المجـالات كافـة وبغيابها يفقد الشعب المرتكزات الأساسية لآمنه واستقراره، وقدرته على احتواء الأزمات الناشئة عن الاختلافات العرقيـة والدينية والطائفية، وعلى هذا الأساس فان قيادات الشعب الوطنية يكون هاجسها الدائم الحفاظ على الوحدة الوطنية، وسـد كـل الثغـرات والمنافـذ في جـدرانها لكـي لاتنفـذ مـن خلالهـا ريـاح
... Show Moreتدريس مادة القراءة باللغة الروسية في العراق
This research was designed to study effect of performance appraisal dimensions on organizational confidence.
Asset completion questionnaire was used to collect data of this research from a random simple represent forty employees who works in Iraqi Oil ministry. The main result of this research was positive relations and the effect between performance appraisal and organizational confidence. The research contains some conclusions, the main of it is unimplemented the performance appraisal results in the policies of employees in the ministry and it work in classic methods incentives and training.
The important recommendations must doing to achieve integrating between the result of pe
... Show MoreSince the advent of the sunrise of the immortal message, Islamic legislation has always established justice and the right guidance, and has prevented any perversion, injustice or corruption, with a divine system that called in its course the characteristics of the legislation on its general basis and its ability to develop, progressivity, and paving the way with a collective approach, accompanied by the worldly and moral punishment. When the corrupters went too far, reformers were delayed and values were missed; Mankind has been afflicted with the scourge of injustice and loss, and has lost sight of the approach that the Creator of the world has given to the people of the world, for what would guide them in their affairs sooner and later
... Show More