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bsj-3230
DNA Methylation Patterns of Interferon Gamma Gene Promoter and Serum Level in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Their Role in Prognosis
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Tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important medical problem due to high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A series of innate immune mechanisms that create a cytokine network control the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and this response has the capacity to modify the host genomic DNA structure through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation which could constantly alter the local gene expression pattern that can modulate the metabolism of the tissues and the immune-response. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine regulator of the innate immune response to TB. This study aims to determine DNA methylation patterns of INF-γ gene promoter and measure serum IFN- γ level in newly diagnosed TB patients, relapse TB patients, and healthy control, in order to study the possibility of using these as a biomarker for the prognosis of TB stages in patients. The current case-control study included 66 patients with TB and 33 healthy control subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood(PB) of included subjects and modified using sodium bisulfate specific kit. DNA methylation patterns of IFN-γ gene promoter was determine by using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR).Serum IFN-γ level  was determined using enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay(ELISA). Results showed that percentages of DNA methylation patterns in normal controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (63.3%, 18.2% and 21.2% respectively). Also, higher significant differences (P≤0.0001) of  un-methylated  IFN-γ gene promoter patterns in newly diagnostic TB patients  than  relapse TB patients comparison with healthy controls. The percentage of un-methylated DNA patterns in healthy controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (9.9%, 39.4% and 51.5%, respectively). The mean of serum IFN-γ levels (pg/ml) for normal controls, newly diagnostic TB patients and relapse TB patients were (59.3± 13.8,75.8±24.3 and 69.6±18.7,respectively).In conclusion, there is a relative association between methylation of IFN-γ gene promoter and predisposing to TB progression.

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 17 2025
Journal Name
International Journal Of Construction Management
Enhancing employee retention in construction: role of workforce sustainability attributes
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Coloproctology
Role of adiponectin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified
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Abstract<p> Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifestyle idiopathic, chronic, and inflammatory intestinal disorders that required long-term medications and care.</p><p> Aim of the study Assess the level of adiponectin in IBDU and its relation with different parameters like lipid profile and Body Mass Index (BMI).</p><p> Type of the study A case-controlled study.</p><p> Patients and methods The total number of study groups was sixty individuals, forty of them were patients with inflammatory bowel disease unclassified and the rest were control healthy subjects. Serums were examined for lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycer</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
The Journal Of Contemporary Issues In Business And Government
The Role of Servant Leadership in Developing Management Information Systems
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The research aims to test the impact of servant leadership in management information systems, as well as to identify the level of servant leadership practice and management information systems in the Directorate of Communications and Information Systems in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, in terms of the importance of the research variables to the directorate and the sample community, as the research adopted the exploratory analytical descriptive approach In his achievement, through a survey of the opinions of an intended quota sample of (266) individuals, By adopting the questionnaire as a main tool for data collection that includes (44) items divided into the two research variables, As well as conducting open interviews to identify the pro

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 12 2019
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
The role of prophylactic antibiotics in nasal packing for epistaxis
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Background: This study is to evaluate the necessity of prescribing prophylactic antibiotics for nasal packing in spontaneous epistaxis. There are few published papers of infective complications in such patients.

Methods: This prospective study analysed 149 consecutive patients admitted to AL-Kindy teaching hospital with spontaneous, epistaxis, who underwent nasal packing  over 2 years period . in the first  year, 78 patients received prophylactic antibiotics , In the second  year 71 patients were not given prophylatic antibiotics.  Exclusion criteria included antibiotics prescribed for unrelated  pathology and post-operative epistaxis. Signs and symptoms of acute otitis m

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 13 2026
Journal Name
Review Of Economics And Political Science
The role of strategic planning in addressing Iraqi youth migration
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Purpose

This study examines the role of strategic planning in reducing youth migration in Iraq by promoting sustainable development. It highlights how comprehensive strategies can address economic, political, and environmental drivers of migration, offering practical alternatives for a stable future for Iraqi youth.

Design/methodology/approach

A descriptive–analytical qualitative approach was used, combining a literature review with a structured workshop of 100 political science students. Data from focused group discu

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 30 2025
Journal Name
Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences
The role of environmental stress in fish health: A review
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Fish are regarded as a crucial indicator of alterations in the aquatic environment due to their position at the apex of the food chain. Monitoring these alterations is crucial for identifying modifications in the aquatic ecosystem. The principal elements influencing fish health are temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pesticide contamination, microplastics, and algal presence. These elements substantially influence fish health regarding development, reproduction, respiration, oxygen stress, and the internal enzymes associated with digesting and other metabolic functions. Alterations in global environmental conditions and anthropogenic pollutants result in modifications to fish populations, their lives, and their behavior and

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education Online
Role of ERP Systems in Improving Human Resources Management Processes
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This study investigates the role of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) systems in improving human resources management (HRM) processes. The rapid environmental changes led to increased demand on the ERP systems, which have changed the manual effort to technology-based processes, providing solutions focusing on the integration of all departments to achieve goals for the entire organization. HRM processes are mainly made up of two classes: strategic and operational HRM. An ERP system works to integrate both of them, making HRM processes more efficient, effective and feasible to provide support to the organization as a whole (inside and outside). In this article, a modest framework is proposed to describe HRM process integrity in relation to

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 20 2024
Journal Name
Arab Gulf Journal Of Scientific Research
Investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in a number of Baghdad schools and extent of their resistance to disinfectants and sterilizers
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Purpose This study was design to investigate of Purpose This study was design to investigate of P. aeruginosa, an example of Gram-negative bacteria, in seven primary and secondary schools of Baghdad city, and the effects of Ethanol and Dettol of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Design/methodology/approach Seventy swabs were collected from seven primary and secondary schools of Baghdad city, Iraq, during November -December 2022. Swabs were collected from classes desk, doors handles, students hands and water taps. Standard microbiological testing methods were used on the samples for isolation and identification. The ability of bacteria to form biofilm and the effects of Ethanol and Dettol on “preformed” biofilms was examined by microtiter plate wi

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of monetary policy in achieving financial stability of Iraqi banks for the period (2009 - 2017)
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The responsibility of the Central Bank through the implementation of its monetary policy to maintain the integrity and stability of the financial system and the economic system, because any shock, whether internal or external, may endanger the financial system and instability, so the research sheds light on the effectiveness of monetary policy in maintaining financial stability, The most important conclusion is that there is an increase in capital, which gives banks the possibility to face the risks to which they are exposed, as well as a rise in the total bad debts, which weakens its financial position, which constitutes a decline in the financial stability of these banks.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Iraqi TV Satellite Channels in Forming the Attitudes of University Students towards Terror-ism
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            The phenomenon of terrorism is one of the most serious challenges facing the world at present. So this concept has occupied a great deal of interest of researchers and scholars in the relevant disciplines. There is no doubt that the study of the concept of terrorism requires a study of its various aspects. However, this study will be limited to knowing the role of television channels in providing the public with information about terrorist events, the extent to which young people rely on these channels to shape their attitudes towards terrorism issues. This study also seeks the relationship between satellite television channels and terrorism based on the relevant media li

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