Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease, with a wide range of clinical symptoms. Some studies have indicated the association between RANKL, Sclerostin, PD-1, and vitamin D concentrations and the pathogenesis of SLE. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of RANKL, Sclerostin, PD-1 and vitamin D in the pathogenesis of SLE. The study included 180 females diagnosed SLE patients and healthy control (60 females as early diagnosed patients without treatment, 60 females as patients under treatment with (prednisolone, and hydroxychloroquine), and 60 females healthy as a control group, with ages ranging from 20 to 45 years. The serum concentration levels of RANKL, Sclerostin, PD-1 and vitamin D were assessed by E

It is evident from this study that Yamama Formation is reservoir rocks and source rocks at the same time, based on occurrences of crude oil and source rocks. Bulk properties of Yamama oil in six wells as well as comparing several samples of Yamama oil by using the biological mark have indicated multi source of hydrocarbons with some pay having Jurassic and Lower Cretaceouse source affinity that belongs to the Yamama Formation.

This study is prospective in nature, It consider
110 patients with vertigo who were assessed
between April and December 2010 at E.N.T out
patient department of otolarygiology, in Al
Diwania teaching hospital, in Diwania city,
Iraq. The study is designed to assess the
incidence of vestibular and non vestibular
vertigo and their association with
tinnitus,hearing loss,migraine in Young adult
and elderly.All patients were assessed by
questionary method and by pure tone
Audiometry.
Results: the incidence of vestibular vertigo was
69.1% while non vestibular vertigo is 30.9 %,
vestibular vertigo was inversely related to the
age while non vestibular vertigo directly related
to the age
The percen

  This study was designed to show, the role of Carthamus tinctorius safflower aqueous extract against toxicity of nickel chloride (NiCl2). Twenty male, rabbits were used and divided into four groups (with 5 rabbits in each group); group (control group) received normal diet, group II received orally 100mg/kg NiCl2 for six weeks, group III received 100mg/kg NiCl2 and 100mg/kg extract six weeks, group IV received 100mg/kg NiCl2 and 200mg/ kg extract six weeks. Hematological parameters showed (RBC (Red blood cells), Hb (Hemoglobin), PCV (Packed cells volume) decreased and WBC (White blood cells) increased) significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. Immunological parameters (IgG, IgA and IgM increased) and oxidative s

A new, effective, simple and inexpensive method was developed for determination the amounts of Ciprofloxacin HCl in solutions and in tablets by spectrophotometry and turbidity using sodium tungstate as reagent. Also, in this paper comparison between two techniques was conducted. The reaction between the Ciprofloxacin HCl and reagent in acidic media formed a yellowish white complex. Chemical and physical conditions have been investigated. The Linear range for spectroscopic and turbidimetric techniques were (0.05-1.25) and (0.05-3.0) mmol.L-1 with correlation coefficients (0.9956) and (0.9941) respectively. The limits of detection were 7×10-5 and 5×10-5 mol.L-1. The proposed method is good alternative for determination of Ciprofloxacin H

Comparative morphological study has been treated for two species of the genus Chaenorhinum (D.C.) Richb., These species were: 1. Chaenorhinum calycinum 2. Chaenorhinum rubrifolium (Robill. & cast. Ex Lam. & DC.) Fourr. The genus belong to the family Scorphulariaceae. Morphological characters has been studies for: root, stem, leaves, flowers (calyx, corolla, androcium including filaments and anthers, gynocium including ovary, style and stigma), fruits and seeds also has been characterized. Key for there two species presented using some quantitative characters. Other characters like shape of fruits and seeds were used too, and they were of a useful taxonomic value

     A geological model is a spatial representation of the distribution of sediments and rocks in the subsurface. Where this study on Halfaya oil field; it is located in Missan governorate, 35 km southeast of the city of Amara. It is one of the main  fields in Iraq because it is production high oil. This model contains the structure, and petrophysical properties (porosity,  water saturation) in three directions. To build 3D geological models of petroleum reservoirs. Khasib, Tanuma, and Sa’di formations in Halfaya oil field have been divided into many layers depending on petrophysical properties and facies. 

Background: The quantity and the quality of available bone, influence the clinical success of dental implants surgery. Cone beam Computed tomography is an established method for acquiring bone images before performing dental implant. Cone beam computed tomography is an essential tool for treatment planning and post-surgical procedure monitoring, by providing highly accurate 3-D images of the patient's anatomy from a single, low-radiation scan which yields high resolution images with favorable accuracy. The aim of study is the Measurement of alveolar bone (height and buccolingual width) and density in the mandible among Iraqi adult subject using CBCT for assessment of dental implant site dimensions. Material and method: The study sample in

Background: The anterior knee pain is an important chief complaint of the patients with knee osteoarthritis due to patellofemoral pathology. The pain receptors denervation can be achieved by circumferential denervation of the patellar area by a process of electrocautery.

Objectives: The aim of current study is to assess the pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by patelloplastywith and without circumferential denervation via electrocautery at a minimum follow up with 1 year separately for each patient.

Type of the study:Cross- sectional study.

Methods: Thirty five patients,with mean age of about (62.8) years, were enrolled in this pros