The IGRF model is the empirical representation of the Earth magnetic field recommended for scientific use by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy(IAGA).

Since  the  Geomagnetic   field   has   the  abi lity  to   change  the orientation of satellite, the strength of Geomagnetic field and its horizontal component have been studied.

This paper discusses the phenomenon of the Geomagnetic field intensity and its horizontal component at diferent altitudes and at certain latitudes, the geomagnetic field data is obtained by using IGRF2000 model at Baghdad (44.7 degree East longitude) .

This paper present a study about effect of the random phase and expansion of the scale sampling factors to improve the monochrome image hologram and compared it with previous produced others. Matlab software is used to synthesize and reconstruction hologram.

Sorption is a key factor in removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from their aqueous solutions. In this study, we investigated the removal of Xylenol Orange tetrasodium salt (XOTS) from its aqueous solution by Bauxite (BXT) and cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide modified Bauxite (BXT-HDTMA) in batch experiments. The BXT and BXT-HDTMA were characterized using FTIR, and SEM techniques. Adsorption studies were performed at various parameters i.e. temperature, contact time, adsorbent weight, and pH. The modified BXT showed better maximum removal efficiency (98.6% at pH = 9.03) compared to natural Bauxite (75% at pH 2.27), suggesting that BXT-HDTMA is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of XOTS from water. The equ

Water is crucial for all known forms of life without providing any calories or organic nutrients, while many people, especially in developing countries, may not be able to access pure and safe drinking water. They could lose their lives or become sick because waterborne diseases could contaminate the water, and when the chemical and/or physical properties of the water are not within the national and international standards. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate water quality of the Halabja drinking water and Sirwan river. Halabja city is located to north of Iraq, north-east of the capital Baghdad. Every week of the year 2019, apart from official holidays, water samples were collected from each of river and several areas (4-10 section

Select 30 isolate from Bacillus to detect the ability to produce pullulanase enzyme in liquid and solid state fermentation, and use the isolate Bacillus licheniformis (Bs18) because the highest production of enzyme, the optimum condition for the production of enzyme by liquid state fermentation (LSF) in growen with: media contains starch + pullulan as a carbon source, peptone as a nitrogen source, inoculums size 2 ml, and incubated at 40 C° with pH 7 for 48 hrs. In addition pullulanase production by solid state fermentation (SSF) was investigated using isolated Bacillus licheniformis (Bs18). Optimization of process parameters were carried out ,the optimum solid substrate , Temperature , pH , incubation period , inoculation size , hydrat

      Proteases have various applications in the food, pharmaceutical, medicine, pathogenicity of some pathogenic bacteria, and detergent sectors as well as meeting the needs of approximately 60% of the global enzyme industry, whereas they catalyze the breakdown of protein molecules into peptides and amino acids. Production and purification of protease enzyme by the isolate Escherichia coli AJ55 was scrutinized in the present study. Cultivation optimum conditions, were various complex medium, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH of the medium, and time of incubation were optimized to enhance the total protease production in shake flask culture of E.coli AJ55. The nutrient broth supplemented with 2% gluco

In this work, a local sunflower husk (SFH) was used as a natural surface for removing Basic Green-4 (BG4) dye, as a watersoluble pollutant. The effect of initial concentration, contact time, the mass of surface of the dye with the SFH as well as the medium temperature was studied. The application of Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms on the collected data of the adsorption process found to harmonize to Freundlich equation more than that of Langmuir. However, the adsorbed mass of BG4 dye showed a direct increase with the increase of SFH mass and equilibrium was achieved within a 60min window. The interaction of BG4 with SFH surface was spontaneous and exothermic. The empirical kinetic outcomes at ambient temperatures were applied to pseudo 1st a