High cost of qualifying library standard cells on silicon wafer limits the number of test circuits on the test chip. This paper proposes a technique to share common load circuits among test circuits to reduce the silicon area. By enabling the load sharing, number of transistors for the common load can be reduced significantly. Results show up to 80% reduction in silicon area due to load area reduction.

The road networks is considered to be one of the determinants that controls to specify the areas of human activities, which it depend on to specify the arrival cost , in addition it is useful to achieve the connectivity for interaction and human activities , and shorten the distance and time between the population and places of service. The density of the road network in any space directly affected by the density of population and the type of economic activities and administrative functions performed by the space. On this basis, the subject of this study is reflected in the quantitative analysis of the roads network in the Governorate of Karbala. The study consists the quantitative analysis for the roads network and the Urban Nodes in th

Piracy on phonograms is now, rightly, the crime of the electronic age. Despite the protection sought by States to provide for such registrations, whether at the level of national legislation or international agreements and conventions, but piracy has been and continues to pose a significant threat to the rights of the producers of those recordings, especially as it is a profitable way for hackers to get a lot of money in a way Illegal, which is contrary to the rules of legitimate competition. Hence, this research highlights the legal protection of producers of phonograms in light of the Iraqi Copyright Protection Act No. (3) of 1971, as amended.

The new sustainable development goals set by the UN include a goal of making cities inclusive, safe, sustainable, and resilient. Cities are growing at huge rates, and conditions of deteriorating QOL̛s are increasing in the form of poor access to services, and slums are remarkable, especially in the cities of the Middle East; hence, the research problem can arise from a lack of knowledge regarding the in determination of a way to assess the resilience of cities to develop mechanisms that will improve the quality of urban life. In this study, a tool called CRF has been applied for the assessment of the city's resilience principles of health and quality of life, economics and social, infrastructure and environmental systems, and the principle

Capillary pressure is a significant parameter in characterizing and modeling petroleum reservoirs. However, costly laboratory measurements may not be sufficiently available in some cases. The problem amplifies for carbonate reservoirs because relatively enormous capillary pressure curves are required for reservoir study due to heterogeneity. In this work, the laboratory measurements of capillary pressure and formation resistivity index were correlated as both parameters are functions of saturation. Forty-one core samples from an Iraqi carbonate reservoir were used to develop the correlation according to the hydraulic flow units concept. Flow zone indicator (FZI) and Pore Geometry and Structure (PGS) approaches were used to identify

Background: Mondor's disease means superficial thrombophlibitis of the chest wall in human, treatment is entirely symptomatic. Hot, wet dressing and anodynes may be used for pain relief.
Objective: To evaluate the role of systemic and transdermal action of diclofenac (olfen) with respect to the symptom and sign (pain, erythema along the superficial vein), and the use of Doppler ultrasonography which is a colored ultrasound used for assessment of flow of blood in vessels.
Method: The study was performed on 12 cases with Mondor's disease in middle age female patients with the involvement of lnframammary veins in all of the them (commonly affected), 4 cases had reassurance only, 4 cases had reassurance with systemic diclofenac, and th

     In this article, a new efficient approach is presented to solve a type of partial differential equations, such (2+1)-dimensional differential equations non-linear, and nonhomogeneous. The procedure of the new approach is suggested to solve important types of differential equations and get accurate analytic solutions i.e., exact solutions. The effectiveness of the suggested approach based on its properties compared with other approaches has been used to solve this type of differential equations such as the Adomain decomposition method, homotopy perturbation method, homotopy analysis method, and variation iteration method. The advantage of the present method has been illustrated by some examples.

KE Sharquie, AA Khorsheed, AA Al-Nuaimy, Saudi Medical Journal, 2007 - Cited by 91

Pure nano Ferro fluid was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The composite of polyaniline with nano sized Ferro fluid was prepared by In-situ–chemical oxidation polymerization method with ammonium per sulphate as an oxidant in aqueous hydrochloric acid under constant stirring at room temperature. The optical properties, absorption, transmission, optical energy gap (Eg) and optical constant refractive index (n) have been investigated. The value of the Eg decreased with increasing Ferro fluid concentration.