Crystalline silicon (c-Si) has low optical absorption due to its high surface reflection of incident light. Nanotexturing of c-Si which produces black silicon (b-Si) offers a promising solution. In this work, effect of H₂O₂ concentrations towards surface morphological and optical properties of b-Si fabricated by two-step silver-assisted wet chemical etching (Ag-based two-step MACE) for potential photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. The method involves a 30 s deposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in an aqueous solution of AgNO₃:HF (5:6) and an optimized etching in HF:H₂O₂:DI H₂O solution under 0.62 M, 1.85 M, 2.47 M, and 3.7 M concentrations of H₂O<

In this work, (CdO)1-x (CoO)x thin films were prepared on glass slides by laser-induced plasma using Nd:YAG laser with (λ=1064 nm) and duration (9 ns) at different laser energies (200-500 mJ) with ratio (x=0.5), The influence of laser energy on structural and optical properties has been studied. XRD patterns show the films have a structure of polycrystalline wurtzite. As for AFM tests results for the topography of the surface of the film, where the results showed that the grain size and the average roughness increase with increasing laser energy. The optical properties of all films were also studied and the results showed that the absorption coefficient for within the wavelength range (280-1100 nm), The value of the optical power gap fo

This research aims to studying and analyzing the theoretical
framework of the environmental auditing in industrial environment to its a broad and danger environmental effects . It aims to contribute in setting and testing a proposed procedure framework for environmental auditing in that vital activity .The practical aspect focused on testing a proposed framework within practice it in a one Iraqi industrial company that has a huge effect on environmental activity, represented by Iraqi state company

A total of 150 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with varying salt, hydrogen bond donor, and molar ratios were studied to develop a screening tool for separating toluene-heptane mixtures. The activity coefficient at infinite dilution (γ∞) of each DES was predicted using COSMO-RS, and selectivity (S∞), capacity (C∞), and performance index (PI) were calculated. Key DES properties, including density, viscosity, melting/freezing point, surface tension, and conductivity, were compiled from the literature to create a DES property library. A comprehensive screening tool with four evaluation criteria was developed, which identified ethyl triphenylphosphonium bromide:ZnCl2 (1:4) as the optimal solvent for toluene-heptane separation. Tetrabutyl- b

Background: One of the most common problem associated with the used of soft denture lining material is microorganisms and fungal growth especially Candida albicans, which can result in chronic mucosal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA) salt Incorporation into soft denture lining material on antifungal activity; against Candida albicans, and the amount of chlorhexidine di-acetate salt leached out of soft liner/CDA composite. Furthermore, evaluate shear bond strength and hardness after CDA addition to soft liner Materials and methods: chlorhexidine diacetate salt was added to soft denture lining material at four different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% by weight). Four hund

This study focuses on producing wood-plastic composites using unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with Pistacia vera shell particles and wood industry waste powder. Composites with reinforcement ratios of 0%, 20%, 30%, and 40% were prepared and tested for thermal conductivity, impact strength, hardness, and compressive strength. The results revealed that thermal conductivity increases with reinforcement, while maintaining good thermal insulation, reaching a peak value of 0.633453 W/m·K. Hardness decreased with increased reinforcement, reaching a minimum nominal hardness value of 0.9479. Meanwhile, impact strength and compressive strength improved, with peak values of 14.103 k/m² and 57.3864568 MPa, respectively. The main aim is to manu