Objective(s): 1- Assess the effectiveness of health educational program on nurses' knowledge toward Hemodialysis at Pediatric Teaching Hospitals.

 2-To find out the relationship between nurses' knowledge about hemodialysis and their demographic Characteristics.

Methods: The study was designed in a pre-experimental pattern for the nurses' working in the Child Welfare Teaching Hospital and the Child's Central Teaching Hospital, and a targeted sample consisting of (30) nurses was selected. It is tested in three periods of pre-test, the first post-test, and the second post-test. Participants were tested before implementing the tutorial (tutorial lectures

Recent reports of new pollution issues brought on by the presence of medications in the aquatic environment have sparked a great deal of interest in studies aiming at analyzing and mitigating the associated environmental risks, as well as the extent of this contamination. The main sources of pharmaceutical contaminants in natural lakes and rivers include clinic sewage, pharmaceutical production wastewater, and sewage from residences that have been contaminated by drug users' excretions. In evaluating the health of rivers, pharmaceutical pollutants have been identified as one of the emerging pollutants. The previous studies showed that the contaminants in pharmaceuticals that are widely used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ant

Water pollution is an issue that can be exacerbated by drought as increased concentrations of unwanted substances are a consequence of lower water levels. Polluted water that flows into natural marshlands leads to the deposition of pollutants in the interior of the marsh. Here we present evidence that the interior of the Central Marsh (CM) in southern Iraq suffers from higher levels of pollution than areas closer to the source of water entering the marsh (the Euphrates River). A 1.7m embankment that halts the flow of the Euphrates is only infrequently breached and so the CM is effectively the terminal destination of the waters (and their associated pollutants and agricultural waste) flowing from the West of Iraq.

A range of water

Groundwater is an essential source because of its high quality and continuous availability characterize this water resource. Therefore, the study of groundwater has required more attention. The present study aims to assess and manage groundwater quality's suitability for various purposes through the Geographical Information System GIS and the Water Quality Index WQI. The study area is located in the city of Baghdad in central Iraq, with an approximate area of ​​900 , data were collected from the relevant official departments representing the locations of 97 wells of groundwater in the study area for the year 2019, as it included physicochemical parameters such as  pH, EC, TDS, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl,  , and &nbs

  The study aimed to identify the extent of contamination of some imported canned meat to Iraq through the assessment of the level of certain hormones, antibiotics and parasites which included canned food samples and different types of canned beef and luncheon meat beef and canned luncheon and canned chicken.  The results showed for the level of certain hormones progesterone hormone that has a high level of these models in terms of its value ranged from (21.7-34.5) ng/ml and either hormone testosterone was within allowable level where its value ranged from (1.4-4.4) ng/ml  As for antibiotics , there has been effective inhibitory in all canning toward the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.Coli

The energy aimed at examining the mode of energy drinks consumption among athletes in
Baghdad and assessing their drinks were spread greatly among the athletes and students. This
study impression toward such drinks. The study sample comprised of 102 mal athletes aged
between 19-27 years and selected randomly .The obtained results showed that football was
most practiced among the test samples at 40.54% based on twice daily .The athletes
consumed one can each day at 41.18% .As the data on energy drinks was supplied from
friends .The prefared period for drinking was before or during exercise .The athletes thought
that there products can provide energy ,vitamins ,tell ale materials ,does not affect
appetite.The most f

A field study was conducted on a sample of the public in Baghdad to study the audience's exposure to the television promotion of pharmaceutical products and their trends in order to determine the rate of exposure of the public to the television promotion of pharmaceutical products according to the theory of uses and rumors and to determine the public's attitudes towards television promotion of pharmaceutical products. A survey of (25) a questions was distributed to a sample of the audience of 150 people. The statistical program SPSS was used to unload the data and for the calculation of frequencies and percentages and correlation coefficients. The research reached several results, Most importantly, the television promotion is well receiv

Iron is one of the abundant elements on earth that is an essential element for humans and may be a troublesome element in water supplies.  In this research an AAN model was developed to predict iron concentrations in the location of Al- Wahda water treatment plant in Baghdad city by water quality assessment of iron concentrations at seven WTPs up stream Tigris River. SPSS software was used to build the ANN model. The input data were iron concentrations in the raw water for the period 2004-2011. The results indicated the best model predicted Iron concentrations at Al-Wahda WTP with a coefficient of determination 0.9142. The model used one hidden layer with two nodes and the testing error was 0.834. The ANN model coul

The main source of water supply in Iraq is the surface water, especially Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. In the recent years there was a great drop in the water levels of Tigris River within Baghdad City which had affected the operation of twelve water supply projects located on the banks of Tigris River in Baghdad City, due to significant climate changes, and the expansion of hydraulic construction (dams) and implementation of new irrigation projects in Turkey, these factors have greatly reduced the water flowrates of river by about 46%. In the present study the flow characteristics of Tigris River within Baghdad City was studied, the reach involved was about 49km in which it represents the urban zone