The research emphasizes importance of preliminary drawings in design of any product. Therefore, using of simulation as tools for visual thinking in developing drawing and design skills. So that practice of drawing by hand, considering shape of ideas in first stage of visualizations, and practice of its techniques and continuous training.
Hence, the research problem arose with the role of simulation method for developing preliminary sketches in the sample of students of the Product Design Department at the College of Design and Art, PNU, as it is important tool for visual thinking that helps the designer in designing and producing innovative artistic works.
Therefore, the research axes, a number of findings and recommendations were

This study was conducted for evaluating the cytotoxic effect of heat stable enterotoxin a (STa) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on the proliferation of primary cancer cell cultures, obtained from tumor samples that were collected from (13) cancer patients and as follows: (five colon cancer patients, two bladder cancer patients, two breast cancer patients, two stomach cancer patients and two lung cancer patients), and on normal cell line (rat embryonic fibroblast / REF) (in vitro) with the use of different concentrations starting from (1) mg/ml and ending with (0.0002) mg/ml by making two fold serial dilutions by using the 96- well microtiter plate, and in comparison with negative (PBS) and positive (MMC, at concentration

Background: Fruits and their by-products are the primary sources of bioactive chemicals in plants. Because of its phytochemical richness, Annona squamosa fruits have gained the alertness of people willing in health-promoting diets. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility effect of ethanolic crude extract of Annona squamosa pulp against a human normal cell line as a mouthwash for children. Material and method: The ethanolic extract of Annona squamosa pulp was extracted using the ultrasonic method and then lyophilized to make it powder. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) test was performed to investigate the cytotoxic activity of the pulp extract on a human normal cell l

This study aimed to investigate the effect of total suspended solids (TSS) on the performance of a continuously operated dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) proceeded by primary clarifier to treat actual potato chips processing wastewater. The system was also tested in the absence of the primary clarifier and the results demonstrated a significant effect of TSS on the polarization curve of the MFC which was obtained by operating the graphite anodic electrode against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The maximum observed power and current densities were decreased form 102.42 mW/m² and 447.26 mA/m² to 80.16 mW/m² and 299.10 mA/m², respectively due to the adverse effect of TSS. Also

Background: Sperm motility disorder is an important cause of infertility in male, and one of the causes of reduced motility of the sperm is the disorders of the mitochondria because it provides the required energy for sperm motility, Laser biostimulation or low-level laser therapy has a positive effect on the mitochondria and led to increasing the synthesis of ATP. Method: Twenty fresh human semen samples were used in this research study, each sample was separated into two portions, one was used as control which is not exposed to the laser beam and the other was irradiated with the wavelength of 410 nm diode laser with an output power of 100 mW and an exposure time of 60 seconds, then the measurement of

 Abstract

In order to determine what type of photovoltaic solar module could best be used in a thermoelectric photovoltaic power generation. Changing in powers due to higher temperatures (25^oC, 35^oC, and 45^oC) have been done for three types of solar modules: monocrystalline , polycrystalline, and copper indium gallium (di) selenide (CIGS). The Prova 200 solar panel analyzer is used for the professional testing of three solar modules at different ambient temperatures; 25^oC, 35^oC, and 45^oC and solar radiation range 100-1000 W/m². Copper indium gallium (di) selenide module   has the lowest power drop (with the average percent