In this paper investigate the influences of dissolved CO₂/H₂S gases, crude oil velocity and temperature on the rate of corrosion of crude oil transmission pipelines of Maysan oil fields southern Iraq. The Potentiostatic corrosion test technique was conducted into two types of carbon steel pipeline (materials API 5L X60 and API 5L X80). The computer software ECE electronic corrosion engineer was used to predict the influences of CO₂ partial pressure, the composition of crude oil, flow velocity of crude oil and percentage of material elements of carbon steel on the rate of corrosion. As a result, the carbon steel API 5L X80 indicates good and appropriate resistance to corrosion compared to carbon steel API

In petroleum industry, there are two major operations that can potentially impact the environment: Drilling and production. Both activities generate a significant volume of wastes include drill cuttings contaminated with hydrocarbons, wide variety of chemical additives, produced water and air pollutants. The potential impact depends primarily on the material, its concentration after release, and the biotic community that is exposed.
In this study, many drilling locations and production facilities have been investigated and examined for their adverse effects on the environment. Contamination with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salts, other associated wastes and air pollution were detected at many sits.
Understanding of drilling and pro

Thermal energy storage is an important component in energy units to decrease the gap between energy supply and demand. Free convection and the locations of the tubes carrying the heat-transfer fluid (HTF) have a significant influence on both the energy discharging potential and the buoyancy effect during the solidification mode. In the present study, the impact of the tube position was examined during the discharging process. Liquid-fraction evolution and energy removal rate with thermo-fluid contour profiles were used to examine the performance of the unit. Heat exchanger tubes are proposed with different numbers and positions in the unit for various cases including uniform and non-uniform tubes distribution. The results show that

    In the drilling and production operations, the effectiveness of cementing jobs is crucial for efficient progress. The compressive strength of oil well cement is a key characteristic that reflects its ability to withstand forceful conditions over time. This study evaluates and improves the compressive strength and thickening time of Iraqi oil well cement class G from Babylon cement factory using two types of additives (Nano Alumina and Synthetic Fiber) to comply with the American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications. The additives were used in different proportions, and a set of samples was prepared under different conditions. Compressive strength and thickening time measurements were taken under different conditions. The amoun

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris,Origanum vulgare and
Rosmarinus officinalis water extracts were studied against Streptococcus mutans,
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans isolates two of each isolate. All cold water
extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. The largest zone of
inhibition was obtained against Candida albicans isolates. Streptococcus mutans isolates and
one isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus showed no effect in 300mg\ml concentration of
Thymus vulgaris extract,while the same concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis extract had
no effect on all Streptococcus mutans isolates and Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates
.Origanum vul

In this paper, Al and Cu Plasmas that produced by pulsed Nd:YAG laser with fundamental wave length with a pulse duration of 6 nS focused onto Al and Cu targets in atmospheric air are investigated spectroscopically. The influence of pulse laser energy on the some Al and Cu plasmas characteristics was diagnosed by using optical emission spectroscopy for the wavelength range 320-740 nm. The results observed that the increase of pulse laser energy causes to increase all plasma characteristics of both plasmas under study and shown increasing of the emission line intensity. The appearance of the atomic and ionic emission lines of an element in the emission spectrum depends on the ionization energy of target atoms. The plasma characteristics ar

This work was conducted to study the extraction of eucalyptus oil from natural plants (Eucalyptus camadulensis leaves) by organic solvents. the effects of the main operating parameters were studied; type of solvent (n-hexane and ethanol), time to reach equilibrium, the temperature (45°C to 65°C) for n-hexane and (45°C to 75°C) for ethanol, solvent to solid ratio (5:1 to 8:1 (v/w)), agitation speed (0 to 900 rpm) and the particle size (0.5 to 2.5 cm) of fresh leaves to find the best processing conditions for the achieving maximum oil yield. The concentration of eucalyptus oil in solvent was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer. The results (for n-hexane) showed that the agitation speed of 900 rpm, temperature 65°C with solvent to soli