Protein bound fucose (PBF), protein  bound hexose (PBHex), and total calcium {T.Ca) were 'determined in sera of (40) hy-p.ertnyroidism , (40)  hypothyroidism patients and (40) controL The resultsr vealed  a significant decrease in the kwel of PBF,  PBHex and T.Ca in sera of patients with .hyperthyroidism  compared  to control; Inc se Qf PBF. there nQ difference in its level betwe.en patients with hypothyroidism and  control  group.  While there  is a significant increment in  PBHex leveli:n both hyper and hypothyroidism With respect to that of control Result  indicates, that total calcium levels were i.n  the nomml range for all p tients groups. Patient  compa

Background: Hypocalcaemia is a well-recognized complication of thyroid surgery. It is the most often transient event that occurs after extensive thyroid resection that may require calcium and/or vitamin D supplements to alleviate or prevent the symptoms.
Objective: of this study is to determine the incidence of hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery and find out the risk factors involved regarding the patient age, gender, and muscular build, clinical diagnosis, the extent of surgery, ligation of the inferior thyroid artery, pathology report and the experience of the surgeon.
Patients and methods: This prospective study was carried out on 100 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders leading to infertility. Majority of women with PCOS have insulin resistance and elevated hemoglobin A1c.The presence of thyroid dysfunction may affect the levels of HbA1c and the results of ovulation induction programs.                                                                    &nbsp

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is known as carbohydrate intolerance first detected during pregnancy. Pregnancy is periods of intense hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible relation between the changes in serum hormones such as Luteinizing hormone (LH) , follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), Progesterone, and Prolactin with gestational diabetes mellitus. Thirty patients with gestational diabetes mellitus aged (22 -40) year attending the national center for treatment and research of diabetes/ AL-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad and 29 controls aged (20-39) year were participated. Hormonal tests including, FSH, LH, Progesterone, and Prolactin were detected by using Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) k

Diabetes mellitus type II is a disorder of metabolism and complex diseases affected by genetic environmental factors and associated with inflammation. The symptoms of type II diabetes develop gradually, which are associated with increased blood concentration of marker of the endothelial inflammatory factors. The expression of adhesion molecules, including E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the surface of vascular endothelial cells to help leukocyte stick to other surrounding tissues. Many researchers have made attempts to determine the significance of particular ABO phenotype for the susceptibility to diseases. Many reports show a strong association with the ABO blood grou

The study aimed to purification of acid phosphatase (ACP) from sera of obesetype 2 diabetes mellitus patients, this study included from thirty T2DM patients and thirty control, purification process was done with several steps included precipitation with inorganic salt (NH4 ) 2SO4 30%-80%, dialysis, ion exchange chromatography by DEAE sepharose anion column and size exclusion chromatography by Sepharose 6B.ACP, BMI, FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, Urea, Creatinie, Insuline, Homa-IR were determined. Results showed the precipitate and concentrated protein appeared four peaks in ion exchange column. ACP located in the first and second peak with purification fold (21.1), (37.2) yield of enzyme and specific activity (173.3) IU/ml, which obtained a si

Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is a rare congenital anomaly in which one lobe of thyroid gland fails to develop during embryological stage. Agenesis may be unilateral, total or isthmic. Left thyroid lobe is more commonly involved than right lobe in hemiagenesis. Agenesis of the isthmus was seen in 50% of cases. Left sided hemiagenesis is more common than right sided hemiagenesis with a Left to right ratio of 4:1. Clinically patients can be euthyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. Often it is diagnosed as an incidental finding during ultrasonography (USG) study of neck, which can easily diagnose this condition.

Actual incidence of THA is unknown; most cases are diagnosed in patients admitted for thyroid scan or thyroid surgery because

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that is a serious health concern all over the globe, it is linked to Interleukin-10 (IL-10) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter region. On the other hand, diabetes influences the cellular and humoral immunity predisposing the patient to a variety of opportunistic parasites one of them is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which may infect any nucleated cell, including pancreatic cells. The purpose of this research was to explore the association of IL-10 genetic polymorphisms with T2DM and latent toxoplasmosis among Iraqi patients with T2DM. Fifty-five and fifty-eight venous blood samples were taken from T2DM patients and age-matched non-diabetic person

The aim of the currnet study to examine the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in diabetic patients on coagulation parameters. This retrospective case–control study involves 130 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), divided into 65 T2DM with newly diagnosed SCH and 65 euthyroid (EUT) T2DM patients without SCH. Fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly higher in SCH (508.2 ± 63.0 mg/dL) than EUT (428.1 ± 44.8 mg/dL). In the SCH patients, FIB correlated with several parameters, such as age (β = 0.396), body mass index (β = 0.578), glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.281), and activated partial thromboplastin time (β = 0.276). In conclusion SCH in DM patients appears to increase the magnitude of coagulopathy.

The study aimed to determine the effect of soybean meal on the histological
structure and some functional parameters of the thyroid gland was investigated in
this study. For this purpose, 24 white male rats were divided into four groups each
of six rats, as following (G1): normal control rats, at the prepubertal life stage, were
dissected after 40 days from the weaning (i.e., from Postnatal Day "PND" 21),
(G2): prepubertal rats, were treated with high dose of soybean meal "40% of daily
diet" for 40 days after the weaning, (G3): normal control rats, at the postpubertal
stage, were dissected after 40 days from the puberty (i.e., from PND 60), (G4):
postpubertal rats, were treated with high dose of soybean meal (40%)