This encapsulates the general relationship between plant and bacteria in the natural and agricultural ecosystem. It is based on the activities of useful bacteria, such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPRs) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, in promoting plant growth and plant tolerance to stressful situations regarding pollution, salinity, and drought. The article also mentions that the bacteria maintain plant health by secretion of phytohormones, nitrogen fixation, solubilization of phosphate, and production of antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria. The article also mentions the existing applications of the interaction in sustainable agriculture and bioremediation of contaminated soils.

Manual fruit picking is labor-intensive and can damage fruit. Fully mechanized picking is efficient, but it also risks fruit damage. Therefore, semi-automated tools are needed to improve bitter orange picking. This paper presents a smart manual picker designed to facilitate picking while predicting fruit maturity based on picking force as well as various chemical and physical parameters using machine learning (ML). The study methodology consists of five stages: (1) manufacturing the smart picker, (2) picking 50 bitter orange samples, (3) measuring the characteristics of the bitter oranges in the laboratory, (4) training different ML models, and (5) identifying the most accurate model for predicting fruit maturity. The results indicate that

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .

Forty five wound specimens were collected from patients suffering from wound infections and taken from various hospitals in Ibb city, Yemen. The study was to determine synergic antibacterial activity of between mountain honey and Argemone mexicana plant. Isolation, identification of bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity test were done. Agar-disc and agar-well diffusion method were carried to determine antibacterial activity of honey, Argemone mexicana plant and a mixture of them against bacterial isolates. Out of 45 specimens, 29 (64.4%) gave positive cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant bacterial pathogens with percentage (72.4%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.2%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.4%).

Objective: To diagnose the function of natural biomolecules in the biological reduction of metal salts during nanoparticle synthesis.Study Design: Experimental studyPlace and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al- Haitham at the University of Baghdad from 1st January 2024 to 31st March 2025. Methods: Capsicum plant extract was used and treated with a readily available inorganic salt (CaSO4 2H2O). It was used as a basic material to obtain particles.Results: Calcium peroxide nanoparticles in the form of a yellowish-white powder were confirmed by using, UV, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, and EDX, confirmed that the compound is calcium peroxide nanoparticles with an average nano size of 31

Objective: To diagnose the function of natural biomolecules in the biological reduction of metal salts during nanoparticle synthesis.Study Design: Experimental studyPlace and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the College of Education for Pure Sciences/Ibn Al- Haitham at the University of Baghdad from 1st January 2024 to 31st March 2025. Methods: Capsicum plant extract was used and treated with a readily available inorganic salt (CaSO4 2H2O). It was used as a basic material to obtain particles.Results: Calcium peroxide nanoparticles in the form of a yellowish-white powder were confirmed by using, UV, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, and EDX, confirmed that the compound is calcium peroxide nanoparticles with an average nano size of 31

This study concerned with phytochemical investigation and methods of extraction and separation of active constituents from Valeriana officinalis plant cultivated in Iraq. Due to the large number of active constituents in Valeriana officinalis, it was necessary to make analytical study of its constituents to determine the chemical nature of these constituents and then determine the main classes (terpenes and iridoids) using chemical reagents specific for each class. Different organic solvents like ethanol (70%) used in soxhlet apparatus and hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used separately to extract the main active constituents by maceration. Through comparison between these solvents using thin layer chromatograph

Key words:Jasminumsambac, Volatile oil, Antioxidant.