This study aims to answer a significant problem of social sciences and philosophy: How do we construct an institutional reality such as diplomacy with an objective recognizable existence? The study assumes that the ability to build institutional reality is based on our biological capacity, as it takes different forms in all the institutions we construct. The study takes the theory of the American philosopher John Searle as an approach to examining the assumption. The study sums up important findings; cultures, although they share the biological capacity on which they produce institutional realities, differ in the form of the value standards on which the institutional realities are based. The study recommends the need of Arab social resea

The Research dealt with the role of the target costs in reducing the cost of products in the General Company for soft drinks. One the modern approaches reduce costs and thus increase the ability and continuity to compete in the market. Where the problem of research in identifying the shortcomings in the traditional method used in the company sample research. Which led to a weak control of the cost and the researcher relied on data and costs of the company. The research recommended that the target cost of the company should be applied to the research sample. Training the employees. In addition, preparing training courses for them. He stressed the need to address obstacles that prevent the existence of an effective cost system. Including t

Objectives: Determine the age and gender distribution of children who experience diabetes mellitus (DM) under
the age of 15 years and the presence of some associated factors that might be a predisposing factor for the
disease including obesity.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at diabetic clinic in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital
in Baghdad City during 2006. The study sample included diabetic children less than 15 years of age. Data were
taken from the patients' record and by direct interview with the patients' parents. Information included
demographic data, as well as past history of the patient and his/her family relative to diabetes and other immune
diseases.
Results: Data analysis showed t

This study aimed to detect of contamination of milk and local soft cheese with Staphylococcus aureus and their enterotoxins with attempt to detect the enterotoxin genes in some isolates of this bacteria. A total of 120 samples, 76 of raw milk and 44 of soft cheese were collected from different markets of Baghdad city. Enterotoxins in these samples were detected by VIDAS Set 2 system and it was found that enterotoxin A is present in a rate of 44.74% in milk samples and in a rate 54.50% in cheese samples. While other enterotoxins B, C, D, E were not found in any rate in any samples.
Through the study 60 isolates obtained from milk and cheeses were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by cultural, morphological and biochemical test by u

Record, verify, and showcase your peer review contributions in a format you can include in job and funding applications (without breaking reviewer anonymity).

Tigris River is one of the main important surface water resources in Iraq. This necessitates continuous study of its quality . The present study is concerned with the characteristics and quality of Tigris water passing through in Baghdad city. (eight) samples were collected from the river in the area Grea't City. The study periods were carried over four season, which has been sampled once represent the every season. First sampling 12-11-2012 represent the autumn season The second sampling 20-1-2013 to represent the winter season. The third in 25-3- 2013 to represent the Springer season. The fourth during 29-5-2013 to represent the summer spring season. In order to specify the water quality, a group of physical and chemical analyses have bee

Objectives: To identify the effectiveness program on nurse- midwife practice concerning performed
cardiotocography to pregnant women and to find out the relationship between nurse- midwife practice and
certain studied variables.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design (pretest-post test approach) was conducted at three sector AlRussafa
directorate, AL- Karckh directorate and Medical City Directorate from the period of March, 26th 2014
to August, 30th 2015. A non-probability sample consisted of (130) nurse -midwives were selected and divided
into two groups (65) nurses-midwives (case group) who exposed to the educational program and (65 ) nursesmidwives
who didn't expose to the program considered as control group . D

The chlorine concentration variation in Baghdad water networks was studied. The
chlorine data were collected from Mayoralty of Baghdad and Ministry of Environment
(MOE) for the networks for both sides of the city Karkh and Rasafa for (2008-2009). The
study of these data indicates that there are no systematic testing program .Classified GIS
maps showed that the areas far from the treatment plants have almost always low
chlorine concentration .This indicates that the problem of the low chlorine concentration
in the far areas is due to cracks of pipe along the conveyance path ,as expected. The area's
most frequently have low concentration are Al-sadir,Al-Kadhimya, and Al-Amiria . It
was found also that the chlorine c

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of leaves extract of Salvia sclarea , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris with 10% and 30% concentration on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings . The effect of these extracts on infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of Rhizoctonia solani . The results showed that the three extracts effected significantly to reduced percentage of seeds germination, acceleration of germination , promoter indicator , infection percentage of seeds decay and surface growth of R. solani especially in 30% concentration .