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Enhancement of Solubility and Improvement of Dissolution Rate of Atorvastatin Calcium Prepared as Nanosuspension
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       Atorvastatin have problem of very slightly aqueous solubility (0.1-1 mg/ml). Nano-suspension is used to enhance it’s of solubility and dissolution profile. The aim of this study is to formulate Atorvastatin as a nano-suspension to enhance its solubility due to increased surface area of exposed for dissolution medium, according to Noyes-Whitney equation.

        Thirty one formulae were prepared to evaluate the effect of ; Type of polymer, polymer: drug ratio, speed of homogenization, temperature of preparation and inclusion of co-stabilizer in addition to the primary one; using solvent-anti-solvent precipitation method under high power of ultra-sonication. In this study five types of stabilizers (TPGS, PVP K30, HPMC E5, HPMC E15, and Tween80) were used in three different concentrations 1:1, 1:0.75 and 1:0.5 for preparing of formulations. At the same time, tween80 and sodium lauryl sulphate have been added as a co-stabilizer. 

        Atorvastatin nano-suspensions were evaluated for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, crystal form and surface morphology. Finally, results of particle size analysis revealed reduced nano-particulate size to 81nm for optimized formula F18 with the enhancement of in-vitro dissolution profile up to 90% compared to 44% percentage cumulative release for the reference Atorvastatin calcium powder in 6.8 phosphate buffer media. Furthermore, saturation solubility of freeze dried Nano suspension showed 3.3, 3.8, and 3.7 folds increments in distilled water, 0.1N Hcl and 6.8 phosphate buffers, respectively. Later, freeze dried powder formulated as hard gelatin capsules and evaluated according to the USP specifications of the drug content and the disintegration time.

       As a conclusion; formulation of poorly water soluble Atorvastatin calcium as nano suspension significantly improved the dissolution of the drug and enhances its solubility.

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Green Engineering
Eco-Friendly Enhancement of Fire Tube Boiler Control in Oil Factory Using Functional Block Diagram
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This research is a continued efforts for a project on the fire tube boiler control for Al Rasheed edible oil factory. The aim is to enhance the control system with new integral control one. A functional blocks diagram (FBD) was built and simulated. With Schneider smart relays, FBD differs than ladder logic programming in which the PID option is active. An extensive work was done to understand the operation sequence, emergency shutdown, and faults causing the trips. A control program was designed to control logical sequence of operation. Furthermore temperature is controlled via cascade control with fuel and air controllers. The temperature controller output is send as remote set point to the fuel controller in a serial cascade manner. The f

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Structural and optical properties of Fe- doped ZnO thin films prepared by Sol–Gel spin coating process and their photocatalytic activities
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Pure and Fe-doped zinc oxide nanocrystalline films were prepared
via a sol–gel method using -
C for 2 h.
The thin films were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning
electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV- visible spectroscopy. The
XRD results showed that ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and
the Fe ions were well incorporated into the ZnO structure. As the Fe
level increased from 2 wt% to 8 wt%, the crystallite size reduced in
comparison with the pure ZnO. The transmittance spectra were then
recorded at wavelengths ranging from 300 nm to 1000 nm. The
optical band gap energy of spin-coated films also decreased as Fe
doping concentra

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 16 2018
Journal Name
Optics Express
Cooperativity enhancement in buckled-dome microcavities with omnidirectional claddings
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 09 2023
Journal Name
2023 15th International Conference On Developments In Esystems Engineering (dese)
Deep Learning-Based Speech Enhancement Algorithm Using Charlier Transform
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Characterization of Felodipine as an Oral Nanoemulsions
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            Felodipine is a calcium-channel blocker with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Lipid dosage forms are attractive delivery systems for such hydrophobic drug molecules. Nanoemulsion (NE) is one of the popular methods that has been used to solve the dispersibility problems of many drugs. Felodipine was formulated as a NE utilizing oleic acid as an oil phase, tween 80 and tween 60 as surfactants and ethanol as a co-surfactant. Eight formulas were prepared, and different tests were performed to ensure the stability of the NEs, such as particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, dilution test, drug content, viscosity and in-vitro drug release. Result

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 25 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Evaluation of Iornoxicam as Dissolving Microneedle Patch
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The objective of the study was to develop microneedle (MN) patch, with suitable properties to ensure the delivery of a therapeutic level of lornoxicam (LXM) in a period suitable to replace parenteral administration in patients, especially those who fear needles. The used polymers were cold water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) of low molecular weight with PEG 400 as plasticizer and Tween 80 (to enhance the release) using micro molding technique. Patches were studied for needle morphology, drug content, axial fracture force measurement and drug release while the optimized formulas were further subjected to pH measurement, folding endurance, ex vivo permeation study, histopathology study, stability study and

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 08 2026
Journal Name
Scientific Reports
Enhancement of selecting the cluster head based on the voting mechanism and Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Wireless Sensor Networks (ECHVM)
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Abstract<p> The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which are deployed in harsh environments, are extremely susceptible to localized battery exhaustion as well as intelligent inside routing threats, especially sinkhole and data falsification attacks. In this paper, we present ECHVM (Enhanced Cluster Head selection by Voting and an ECC-based Blockchain Mechanism), a novel, secure, and energy-efficient routing framework to achieve an optimal trade-off between network security and hardware resource efficiency. We present the ECHVM protocol that combines Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with a lightweight, local distributed ledger to mitigate risks of centralized authority by tr</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 15 2022
Journal Name
Aaps Pharmscitech
Formulation and Characterization of Oleogel as a Topical Carrier of Azithromycin
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This study aims to formulate azithromycin oleogel to locally treat skin infections such as acne vulgaris and skin wound infection. Providing a form of azithromycin that can be administered topically is highly desired to prevent unwanted systemic complications including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Additionally, it will avoid first pass metabolism, improves patient acceptance, provides an alternative in nauseated patients, decreases the dose by direct contact with the pathological site, and provides a noninvasive and convenient mode of administration. Furthermore, for treating wound infections, the gel will act as a scaffold biomaterial for wound closure besides its antibacterial effect. Herein, we propose the use of grapeseed oil-b

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Effect of measurement and analysis of quality costs on continuous improvement: Applied research in the Directorate General for the distribution of electric power in the Middle Euphrates
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The research aims to identify the theoretical foundations for measuring and analyzing quality costs and continuous improvement, as well as measuring and analyzing quality costs for the Directorate of Electricity Supply / Middle Euphrates and continuous improvement of the distribution of electrical energy,The problem was represented by the high costs of failure and waste in electrical energy result to the excesses on the network and the missing (lost) energy,Thus, measuring and analyzing quality costs for the distribution of electrical energy and identifying continuous improvement leads to a reduction in missing and an increase in sales, as the research reached many conclusions, the most important of which is the high percentage o

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of salary Domiciliation in the rate of return on assets (ROA): Applied research of a sample of Iraqi banks
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Abstract

The research attempted to find an explanation and solution to a problem related to the fluctuation and decrease In the rate of return on assets for the research sample banks during the duration of the research, The search started from the hypothesis that, The effect of salary Domiciliation on the banking profitability of a sample of Iraqi banks participating in the salary settlement system for the period (2016-2019),The research used the descriptive historical approach, the quantitative analytical approach and the statistical approach. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is The effect of salary Domiciliation on banking profitability was achieved in three banks

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