Many studies have focused on identifying and classifying freshwater fishes in Iraq, concerned with describing, organizing, and drawing up a list of freshwater fishes in Iraq or the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Within the most recent updates at the beginning of 2023, 53 native freshwater and 20 exotic (alien or introduced) fish species are recorded and described. This study reviewed the database of morphology and molecular studies of freshwater fish in Iraq and reported species while surveying the fish fauna at different water bodies of the country from 2010 to the beginning of 2023. In conclusion, 29 species (about 40.3%) of all 72 fish species in Iraq still need to be available information on their molecular data.

Background: Dietary supplementation is a common strategy to achieve a specific health status or performance benefit. The aim of this study was to describe the use of dietary supplement in Iraqi genders.

Patients and Methods:  several questions on dietary supplement use were asked as a part of single performed on 112 female and 247 women aged 35–74 years in 2021 .n = 359) ,reported the frequency and prevalence of supplement use by sex and type of supplement .

Results: the mean percentage of dietary supplement use varied among female and men. Use was higher in women than in men. Vitamins, minerals were the predominant types of supplements reported, but the

During the syrvey on natural enemies of whiteflies in Iraq, the following. predators were recorded.

The main goal of our research is to synthesize novel nano Zn²⁺ complex with the 8-(2-(dansyl chloride)azo) adenine (LA) ligand as a pH sensor because of its advantageous properties, obtained from a single molecule. The Zn²⁺- LA complex was based on the production of an intensely dark purple-colored substance with λ_max at 552 nm. Molar ratio of Zn²⁺- LA complex is a 1:2 in aqueous buffer. The optimum concentration (0.3) mM, pH (2-5.5), and time (0-3) hr at pH=5.5, that in the studies followed Lambert-law Beer'

In this paper, we propose an approach to estimate the induced potential, which is generated by swift heavy ions traversing a ZnO thin film, via an energy loss function (ELF). This induced potential is related to the projectile charge density, ρq(k) and is described by the extended Drude dielectric function. At zero momentum transfer, the resulting ELF exhibits good agreement with the previously reported results. The ELF, obtained by the extended Drude model, displays a realistic behavior over the Bethe ridge. It is observed that the induced potential relies on the heavy ion velocity and charge state q. Further, the numerical results show that the induced potential for neutral H, as projectile, dominates when the heavy ion velocity is less

     In this article, we investigate a mathematical fractional model of tuberculosis that takes into account vaccination as a possible way to treat the disease. We use an in-host tuberculosis fractional model that shows how Macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis interact to knowledge of how vaccination treatments affect macrophages that have not been infected. The existence of optimal control is proven. The Hamiltonian function and the maximum principle of the Pontryagin are used to describe the optimal control. In addition, we use the theory of optimal control to develop an algorithm that leads to choosing the best vaccination plan. The best numerical solutions have been discovered using the forward and backward fractional Euler

Information systems and data exchange between government institutions are growing rapidly around the world, and with it, the threats to information within government departments are growing. In recent years, research into the development and construction of secure information systems in government institutions seems to be very effective. Based on information system principles, this study proposes a model for providing and evaluating security for all of the departments of government institutions. The requirements of any information system begin with the organization's surroundings and objectives. Most prior techniques did not take into account the organizational component on which the information system runs, despite the relevance of

The general health of palm trees, encompassing the roots, stems, and leaves, significantly impacts palm oil production, therefore, meticulous attention is needed to achieve optimal yield. One of the challenges encountered in sustaining productive crops is the prevalence of pests and diseases afflicting oil palm plants. These diseases can detrimentally influence growth and development, leading to decreased productivity. Oil palm productivity is closely related to the conditions of its leaves, which play a vital role in photosynthesis. This research employed a comprehensive dataset of 1,230 images, consisting of 410 showing leaves, another 410 depicting bagworm infestations, and an additional 410 displaying caterpillar infestations. Furthe