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Formulation and Clinical Evaluation of Orphenadrine citrate as a Plain Tablet
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Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic ,antimuscarinic , centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant .It presents in the form of citrate and HCl salts which are used in treatment of the symptoms of mild Parkinson's disease and also it is used as adjuvant with other drugs in the therapy .

      Many trials were made to formulate Orphenadrine citrate as a plain tablet using wet granulation or direct compression technique in order to get a satisfactory formula through studying the effect of various factors such as binders , diluents and disintegrants types .

    The best formula was obtained by using Poly Vinyl Pyrolidine (PVP) as a binder also the results indicated that starch and mannitol gave acceptable physical properties to the tablets when they were used as diluents . At the same time , the results showed that Avicel which was used as a disintegrant gave an acceptable disintegration and dissolution time in comparison with the reference tablet DISIPAL Ã’. In addition , the selected formula was used to study the effect of method of incorporation of disintegrant on the physical properties of tablets .It was found that the intragranular incorporation resulted in a shorter disintegration and dissolution times .The stability of Orphenadrine  citrate prepared tablets was also studied upon storage at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C for four months .The drug was fairly stable and the expiration date for the prepared tablet was considered to be equal for 5 years .On the other hand , the results of clinical study on patients suffering from Parkinson's disease indicated that patients with tremor (regular rhythmic oscillation of extremities especially hand and finger ) and mild symptoms of Parkinson's disease showed a good response to the prepared tablets , but it had no effect on patients of dystonia ( fixed upward gaze , neck twisting ,clenching jaws ) and akinesia ( slow down of movement of voluntary muscle and difficulty of initiation of movement ).

     The overall results of this study indicate that the drug can be prepared as tablets , which fit the requirements of British Pharmacopoeia since the prepared tablets gave satisfactory results .

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2017
Journal Name
Al-academy
How to build a virtual personal imagined in the picture, directed by James Cameron (Avatar) movie as a model
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The personal drama in particular, and one of the key elements underlying the dramatic structure to convey ideas and visions presented by the author when writing the text of the dramatic fall after that on the way out the submission form that suits the proposals of the text and processors directorial would push the wheel of dramatic structure to the front. So take the maker of the artwork (writer) undertook the transfer of those events and personalities in art presumed sometimes real and sometimes, in order to enrich the art inspired by the human reality through the ages, and full of its themes and ideas that led to the development experiences of peoples experiences of living. Therefore, we find it important to research in the characters

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 01 2019
Journal Name
World Heart Journal
Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Right Ventricular Function in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction
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Background: Assessment of function of the right side of the heart in cases of left ventricular dysfunction has been widely studied but the sensitive and specific echocardiographic parameter to be tested is still a matter of controversy. Right ventricular function is related to left ventricular function by ventricular independence so function of both should be assessed carefully. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of left ventricular systolic dysfunction on right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions and pulmonary pressure using conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients (39 males and 21 females) with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Design & Nature And Ecodynamics
Evaluation of the Minimum Instream Flow: A Case Study of Shatt-Al Hillah River in Babylon Governorate
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Publication Date
Tue May 16 2023
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
(The role of the Security Council in Managing international crises (The Libyan crisis as a model
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The Security Council has an active role in addressing international crises and dealing with their causes. The Libyan crisis is one of the most important real tests of the Security Council and its role in maintaining international peace and security, as the Council has proven so far an ineffective role in resolving the crisis and dealing withtheir causes, which has prolonged its duration and increased its complexities and dangerous repercussions, perhaps the most prominent of which is the threat of the recently achieved cease-fire and the formation of a new transitional government led by Abdel Hamid al-Dabaiba, the growing significant obstacles facing the political process, foremost of which is the continued presence of foreign forces , m

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Prepared 13X Zeolite as a Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Brilliant Blue Dye from Wastewater
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The research discussed the possibility of adsorption of Brilliant Blue Dye (BBD) from wastewater using 13X zeolite adsorbent, which is considered a byproduct of the production process of potassium carbonate from Iraqi potash raw materials. The 13X zeolite adsorbent was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction that showed a clear match with the standard 13X zeolite. The crystallinity rate was 82.15% and the crystal zeolite size was 5.29 nm. The surface area and pore volume of the obtained 13X zeolite were estimated. The prepared 13X zeolite showed the ability to remove BBD contaminant from wastewater at concentrations 5 to 50 ppm and the removal reached 96.60% at the lower pollutant concentration. Adsorption measurements versus tim

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Publication Date
Wed Apr 12 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Cultivation of Chlorella Vulgaris Using Airlift Photobioreactor Sparged with 5%CO2-Air as a Biofixing Process
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The present paper addresses cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using airlift photobioreactor that sparged with 5% CO2/air. The experimental data were compared with that obtained from bioreactor aerated with air and unsparged bioreactor. The results showed that the concentration of biomass is 0.36 g l-1 in sparged bioreactor with CO2/air, while, the concentration of biomass reached to 0.069 g l-1 in the unsparged bioreactor. They showed also that aerated bioreactor with CO2/air gives more biomass production even the bioreactor was aerated with air. This study proved that application of sparging system for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae using either CO2/air mixture or air has a significant growth rate, since the biorea

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Nitroso-R-salt as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations
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Nitroso-R-salt is proposed as a sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of paracetamol in aqueous solution. The method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and subsequent reaction with nitroso-R-salt to yield a green colored complex with maximum absorption at 720 nm. Optimization of the experimental conditions was described. The calibration graph was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 – 2.0 ?g mL-1 paracetamol with a molar absorptivity of 6.9 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations without any interference from common excipients. The method has been statistically evaluated with British Pharmacopoeia method a

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Determination of paracetemol in pharmaceutical preparations samples by spectrophotometer using meta phenylenediamine as a chromogenic agent
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 16 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Conceptual Representations of the Jewish Personality in the International Cinema (Munich film as a model)
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This study deals with the intellectual representations whose intellectual systems are incarnated in the Jewish personality, which is considered one of the complex intellectual systems that has caused controversy throughout the ages because of the ambiguity due to the religious and psychological factors that were reflected directly and strongly on the intellectual structure of the Jewish community in general and the Jewish - Zionist personality in particular, in an attempt (to create new dimensions embodied by intellectual representations of a human nature embodied by what that - peaceful - religiously oppressed - psychologically and socially isolated character presents, because of the curse of the peoples of the world that was a cause fo

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Pakistan Association Of Dermatologists
The role of epigenetics in immunosuppression in patients with infectious diseases as a fascinating applied observation
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