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The Effect of Long Term use of Glibenclamide on Serum and Urinary Sodium and Potassium Level in Type 2 DM Patients
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         Long-term use of sulfonylureas including chlorpropamide, is known to potentiate the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), predisposing to hyponatremia.The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of long term use of glibenclamide on serum and urinary levels of sodium and potassium in Type 2 DM patients in Iraqi DM centers. Ninety eight patients with Type 2 DM who were maintained on different doses of glibenclamide for at least 1 year, attending the centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology in Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, were enrolled in the study, in addition to 15 normal healthy subjects. Patients were allocated into three groups according to the dose of glibenclamide that they received. Blood and urine samples were obtained for evaluation of sodium and potassium levels in these samples by flamephotometry. The results indicated that glibenclamide use resulted in significant elevation in serum levels of sodium and potassium compared to controls, while urinary excretion of these cations was not significantly changed. Stratification of patients according to the dose of glibenclamide revealed that this effect on sodium and potassium was not dose dependent. In conclusion, long term use of glibenclamide impairs normal values of Sodium and potassium independent of the administered dose.   

Key words: Glibenclamide, sodium, potassium.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of Recirculation Ratio on the Uniformity Flow in a High Area Ratio of Outlets Pipe at Different Entrance flow rates
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The uniform flow distrbiution in the multi-outlets pipe highly depends on the several parameters act togather. Therefor, there is no general method to achieve this goal. The  goal of this study is to investigate the proposed approach that can provide significant relief of the maldistribution. The method is based on re-circulating portion of flow from the end of the header to reduce pressure at this region . The physical model consists of main manifold with uniform longitudinal section having diameter of 152.4 mm (6 in), five laterals with diameter of 76.2 mm (3 in), and spacing of 300 mm. At first, The experiment is carried out with conventional manifold, which is a closed-end. Then, small amount of water is allowed

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 18 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Proposed Exercises On Some Kinematical Variables Of Rotational Back Kick In Taekwondo Fighters Aged 15 – 17 Years Old
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 11 2018
Journal Name
Iosr Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences
Study the effect of hot aqueous extract of beetle cocoon Larinus maculatus F. on some physiological parameters in male albino mice
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Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of hot aqueous extract of beetle cocoon Larinus maculatus Faldermann, in a two doses 50 and100mg/Kg/B.wt for 3 and 6 weeks respectively on the levels of serum glucose, weight of body, and lipid profile in male mice Mus musculus. The results revealed that there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum glucose level was dose and period dependent. Weight of body also reduced significantly (p<0.05) with doses and period dependent. The lipid profile level significantly (p<0.05) decreased in dose and period’s manner in each of Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein- (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and Very Low Density Lipoprotei

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of Different Fluoride Agents on the Load Deflection Characteristics of Heat Activated Nickel Titanium Arch Wires (An in Vitro Study)
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ABSTRACT Background:Hydrogen absorption and related degradation in the mechanical properties of Ni-Ti based orthodontic wires has been demonstrated following exposure to fluoride prophylactic agents. This study was designed to investigate the effects of three fluoride containing agents on the load deflection characteristics of heat activated nickel titanium arch wires during unloading phase. Material and method: Eighty specimens of heat activated nickel titanium arch wires were obtained from Ortho Technology Company, half of which had a 0.016 inch round and 0.019x0.025 rectangular. Ten specimens from both wire size were immersed in one of the tested fluoride prophylactic agents (neutral sodium fluoride gel, stannous fluoride gel or phos-flu

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Tool Path Strategy on Mechanical Properties of Brass (65-35) in Single Point Incremental Sheet Metal Forming (SPIF)
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In this paper, three tool paths strategies; iso-planar, helical and adaptive have been implemented to investigates their effect on the mechanical properties of Brass 65-35 formed by single point incremental sheet metal forming process. To response this task, a fully digital integrated system from CAD modeling to finished part (CAD/CAM) for SPIF process has been developed in this paper.
The photo-micrographs shows an identical grain formation due to the plastic deformation of the incremental forming process, change in the grain shape and size was observed. It's found that the adaptive tool path play a significant role to increase the hardness of the formed specimen from (48 to 90 HV) and the grain texture of the formed specimen found a

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 18 2014
Journal Name
International Journal Of Computer Applications
3-Level Techniques Comparison based Image Recognition
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Image recognition is one of the most important applications of information processing, in this paper; a comparison between 3-level techniques based image recognition has been achieved, using discrete wavelet (DWT) and stationary wavelet transforms (SWT), stationary-stationary-stationary (sss), stationary-stationary-wavelet (ssw), stationary-wavelet-stationary (sws), stationary-wavelet-wavelet (sww), wavelet-stationary- stationary (wss), wavelet-stationary-wavelet (wsw), wavelet-wavelet-stationary (wws) and wavelet-wavelet-wavelet (www). A comparison between these techniques has been implemented. according to the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), root mean square error (RMSE), compression ratio (CR) and the coding noise e (n) of each third

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study Analytical of The Effect Magnesium ion Concentration to Determination the Total Hardness And Comparison Spectrophotometry
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The determination hardness in water raised to rivers caused several problem in the validity of the water used depends on where determination ions concentration calcium and magnesium in salts carbonate and sulfate , this possibility of separation between of these ions and the resulting impact on concentration and determination the degree of hardness water and appreciation between the insolvent water quality . It study the effect of the impact of concentration magnesium ion in determination the quality of the water has turned out to be Mg concentration more than 60% of the total content of hardness is borderline in hardness effect the determination. Adopted in this research determination the ions in two method titration by EDTA solution and

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Evaluation of Etiological Causes of Hypothyroidism among Patients Visiting Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology
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Background: Many structural or functional abnormalities can impair the production of thyroid hormones and cause hypothyroidism.Objectives: to identify the main etiological causes of hypothyroidism among patients visiting Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology.Methods: This study was conducted in the Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology on 217 patients with proved hypothyroidism, from 2006 to 2008. Every patient was tested with thyroid function tests, Ultrasound examination, thyroid autoantibodies, fine needle aspiration, radiology of skull, isotopes scan, also checking adrenal and gonadal function. Results: Out of these 217 patients 120 patients have thyroiditis 33 patients had been undergone thyroidectomy. 39 pat

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Wells location effect on the underground gas storage in UM ERadhuma Formation-Ratawie oil field
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Publication Date
Mon Sep 08 2025
Journal Name
Retos
The effect of mental training for sensory perceptions of skill performance in some indicators of electrical activity and the special physical abilities of young pole vaulters
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Objective: The aim of the research is to prepare skilled mental exercises according to spatial and temporal perceptions and the awareness of the strength of young pole-vaulters, and to recognize the impact of these exercises on improving the indicators of electrical activity of working muscles and some special physical abilities and accomplishing this effectiveness Research methodology: The researcher used the experimental curriculum (one experimental group), and included the sample of research on (5) two joint jumpers in the Iraqi club championship, all from the center of talent in athletics, the sample is trained on the same curriculum prepared by the coach himself but accompanied by a mental training approach that Prepared by the

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