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bijps-470
Preparation and Evaluation of Physical and, Rheological Properties of Clotrimazole Emulgel
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         Recently, emulgel has emerged as one of the most interesting topical preparations in the field of pharmaceutics. In this research clotrimazole was formulated as topically applied emulgel ; different formulas were prepared. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for their physical appearance , rheological behaviour , and in vitro drug release . The influence of the type of gelling agent (carbopol 934 and methyl cellulose), the concentration of both the emulsifying agent (2% and 4% w/w of mixture of span 20 and tween 20) and the oil phase (5% and 7.5% w/w of liquid paraffin) and the type of oil phase (liquid paraffin and cetyl alcohol), on the drug release from the prepared emulgels was investigated. Commercially available topical canestin® cream was used for comparison. All the prepared emulgels showed acceptable physical properties concerning colour, homogeneity, consistency, and pH value. Rheological studies revealed that all emulgels formulations exhibited a shear – thinning behaviour with thixotropy, indicating structural break down of intermolecular interaction between polymeric chains. Clotrimazole emulgels exhibited higher drug release than canestin® cream. The results of in vitro release showed that methyl cellulose – based emulgel gave better release than carbopol 934 – based one. Also it was found that the emulsifying agent concentration had the most pronounced effect on the drug release from the emulgels, followed by the oil phase concentration, which has a retardation effect, and finally the type of the gelling agent. It was suggested that the clotrimazole emulgel formulation prepared with methyl cellulose, with low concentration of oil phase (5%w/w liquid paraffin) and high concentration of emulsifying agent (4%w/w), showed an optimum formula  for  highest drug  release (74.4% after three hours), which followed higuchi diffusion model with  a  diffusion-controlled  mechanism. 

Key words: Emulgel , carbopol , methyl cellulose , clotrimazole 

 

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 08 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation Characterization and Evaluation of Meloxicam Nanoemulgel to be Used Topically
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Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is practically insoluble in water. It is associated with gastrointestinal side effects at high doses on long  term treatment. The aim of this investigation to formulate and evaluate gellified nanoemulsion of meloxicam as a topical dosage form to enhance meloxicam therapeutic activity and reduce systemic side effect.

The pseudo ternary phase diagrams were made, including  the oil mixture which is composed of almond oil and peppermint oil at a ratio (1:2), variable surfactant mixture (S mix) which are tween 80 and ethanol at ratios of (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1) and double distilled water. Slow dripping of double distilled water to the combination  of the oil mixtu

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Formulation, Characterization, Optimization, and In-vitro Evaluation of Rosuvastatin as Nanofiber
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Bioavailability is the objective for an optimum formulation. The target of the analysis is to maximize both the fluidity and disintegration profile of class II weakly compounds that are water-soluble. Anti-dyslipidemia drug rosuvastatin calcium (RC) (bioavailability 20%) through formulating as nanofibers (NFs) using electrospinning (ES) technology. Twenty formulas were prepared, and different polymers and polymer combinations with various concentrations were used such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVPK-30), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Three distinct groups of maximum parameters, including polymeric solution, electrospinning method, and ambient parameter, are capable of influencing the creation alon

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Electrical And Computer Engineering
Analysis of threats and security issues evaluation in mobile P2P networks
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Technically, mobile P2P network system architecture can consider as a distributed architecture system (like a community), where the nodes or users can share all or some of their own software and hardware resources such as (applications store, processing time, storage, network bandwidth) with the other nodes (users) through Internet, and these resources can be accessible directly by the nodes in that system without the need of a central coordination node. The main structure of our proposed network architecture is that all the nodes are symmetric in their functions. In this work, the security issues of mobile P2P network system architecture such as (web threats, attacks and encryption) will be discussed deeply and then we prop

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 02 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Formulation and Evaluation of Bilastine Thermosensitive Mucoadhesive Ophthalmic in situ Gel
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Background: Bilastine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine used to treat urticaria and allergic conjunctivitis. Objective: to formulate and test bilastine as a mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ gel in order to extend its presence at site for longer time and help treat conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. Methods: We prepared formulations using different concentrations of poloxamers (Poloxamer 407 (P407) and Poloxamer 188 (P188)) in combination with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The prepared formulas were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, sol-gel transition temperature, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, drug release, and kinetic modeling. Results: The prepared in situ gels were clear and transparen

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 01 2023
Journal Name
Bulletin Of Electrical Engineering And Informatics
Implementation and performance evaluation of multi level pseudo random sequence generator
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In this paper, introduce a proposed multi-level pseudo-random sequence generator (MLPN). Characterized by its flexibility in changing generated pseudo noise (PN) sequence according to a key between transmitter and receiver. Also, introduce derive of the mathematical model for the MLPN generator. This method is called multi-level because it uses more than PN sequence arranged as levels to generation the pseudo-random sequence. This work introduces a graphical method describe the data processing through MLPN generation. This MLPN sequence can be changed according to changing the key between transmitter and receiver. The MLPN provides different pseudo-random sequence lengths. This work provides the ability to implement MLPN practically

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 08 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of frictional forces generated by different brackets and orthodontic wires
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Background: Sliding mechanics is widely used during orthodontic treatment. One of the disadvantages of this mechanics is the friction generated at the bracket/archwire interface, which may reduce the amount of desired orthodontic movement obtained. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the static frictional forces produced by two passive self-ligating brackets stainless-steel and hybrid and two conventional brackets stainless-steel and monocrystal ligated with stainless-steel ligature wire at two degrees of torque(zero and twenty) under dry condition. Materials and method: One hundred and sixty brackets were used in this study divided into four groups each group consisted of forty brackets these are: Two self-li

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 13 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Performance Evaluation of RIPng, EIGRPv6 and OSPFv3 for Real Time Applications
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In this modern Internet era and the transition to IPv6, routing protocols must adjust to assist this transformation. RIPng, EIGRPv6 and OSPFv3 are the dominant IPv6 IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocols). Selecting the best routing protocol among the available is a critical task, which depends upon the network requirement and performance parameters of different real time applications. The primary motivation of this paper is to estimate the performance of these protocols in real time applications. The evaluation is based on a number of criteria including:  network convergence duration, Http Page Response Time, DB Query Response Time, IPv6 traffic dropped, video packet delay variation and video packet end to end de

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 12 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Zaltoprofen Lyophilized Tablets by Zydis Technique
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“Orodispersible Tablet” a tablet that is to be placed in oral cavity where it disperses rapidly by saliva with no need for water before swallowing. Zaltoprofen (ZLP) is one of NSAIDs which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis as well as to relieve inflammation and pain after surgery, injury and tooth extraction. The present study was aimed to prepare rapidly dissolved lyophilized Zaltoprofen tablet with different pharmaceutical excipients and studying the factors affecting pharmaceutical properties like (solubility, disintegration time DT, dissolution, etc.) of tablets. The lyophilized disintegrating tablets (LDTs) were prepared using Zydis technique by lyophilization an aqueous

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 25 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of New Indole-Based Derivatives
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A new series of N-acyl hydrazones (4a-g) derived from indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) were synthesized. These N-acyl hydrazones were prepared by the reaction of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propane hydrazide and aldehyde in the existence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. 1HNMR and FT-IR analyses were used to identify the synthesized compounds and they were in vitro evaluated as antibacterial agents against six different types of microorganisms by using well diffusion method. All the tested N-acyl hydrazones (4a-g) displayed moderate activity against the Gram-negative E.coli, comparable to that of Amoxicillin. Some of the tested N-acyl hydrazones also exhibited intermediate activity ag

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 09 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of New Etodolac Derivatives
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Three new hydrazone derivatives of Etodolac were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by using egg white induced paw edema method. All the synthesized target compounds were characterized by CHN- microanalysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and 1HNMR analysis. The synthesis of the target (P1-P3) compounds was accomplished following multistep reaction procedures. The synthesized target compounds were found to be active in reducing paw edema thickness and their anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to that of the standard (Etodolac).

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