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Comparative Analysis of the Fatty Acid Pattern of Silybum marianum with Nigella sativa by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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Many studied were conducted to evaluate the antihepatotoxic and antioxidant activities of Silybum marianum and proved these actions. The Naturally grown seed in Iraqi-Kurdistan Region also were studied for its chemical contents and biological activities. Vegetable oils occur in various plant parts mainly concentrated in the seeds.

In this study comparison was made between the fatty acid patterns of two plant seeds, Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa. Seed sample of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa were exposed for extraction and isolation of the fatty acid contents using two different solvents (petroleum ether and n-hexane) at 60-80oC using soxhlet apparatus and the oily extract were purified and analysed by GC-MS triplet system.

Result showed that extraction with petroleum ether yielded 23% and 24% of total weight of the seeds of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa respectively and comparable results with n-hexane extract yielded 17% and 22% of total seed weight of Silybum marianum and Nigella sativa respectively showing significant differences in the fatty acids patterns of both plants under research.

Key words: Fatty acids, GC-MS, Silybum marianum, natural products, cardiovascular diseases.  

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Materials Today: Proceedings
Structural performance of fiber-reinforced lightweight concrete slabs with expanded clay aggregate
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Publication Date
Thu Mar 05 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of serum and salivary malondialdehyde in patients with oral lichen planus
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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase in salivary pleomorphic adenoma, and to correlate the two studied markers with each other and with clinicopathological parameters including: age, sex, tumor site and histopathological presentation. Methods: Sections of twenty five formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks specimens of salivary pleomorphic adenoma were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (Fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase) to assess their expression in this tumor. Results: The expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and Heparanase were positive in all pleomorphic adenoma cases (100%). The positive expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 was signi

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 07 2022
Journal Name
Materials
Impact Behavior of Composite Reinforced Concrete Beams with Pultruded I-GFRP Beam
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The present study experimentally and numerically investigated the impact behavior of composite reinforced concrete (RC) beams with the pultruded I-GFRP and I-steel beams. Eight specimens of two groups were cast in different configurations. The first group consisted of four specimens and was tested under static load to provide reference results for the second group. The four specimens in the second group were tested first under impact loading and then static loading to determine the residual static strengths of the impacted specimens. The test variables considered the type of encased I-section (steel and GFRP), presence of shear connectors, and drop height during impact tests. A mass of 42.5 kg was dropped on the top surface at the m

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR BEHAVIOR OF PRECAST CONCRETE GIRDERS WITH CONNECTIONS
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This research presents experimental and theoretical investigation of 15 reinforced concrete spliced and nonspliced girder models. Splices of hooked dowels and cast in place joints, with or without strengthening steel plates were used. Post-tensioning had been used to enhance the splice strength for some spliced girders. The ANSYS computer program was used for analyzing the spliced and non-spliced girders. A nonlinear three dimensional element was used to represent all test girders. The experimental results have shown that for a single span girder using steel plate connectors in the splice zone has given a sufficient continuity to resist flexural stresses in this region. The experimental results have shown that the deflection of hooked do

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 14 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Regression Modeling of EDM Process for AISI D2 Tool Steel with RSM
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In this paper, Response Surface Method (RSM) is utilized to carry out an investigation of the impact of input parameters: electrode type (E.T.) [Gr, Cu and CuW], pulse duration of current (Ip), pulse duration on time (Ton), and pulse duration off time (Toff) on the surface finish in EDM operation. To approximate and concentrate the suggested second- order regression model is generally accepted for Surface Roughness Ra, a Central Composite Design (CCD) is utilized for evaluating the model constant coefficients of the input parameters on Surface Roughness (Ra). Examinations were performed on AISI D2 tool steel. The important coefficients are gotten by achieving successfully an Analysis of V

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Publication Date
Mon May 26 2025
Journal Name
Cellular And Molecular Biology
Association of cytomegalovirus and high-risk human papillomavirus with breast cancer progression
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Design of Distribution System with Practical Application
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The Ant System Algorithm (ASA) is a member of the ant colony algorithms family in swarm intelligence methods (part of the Artificial Intelligence field), which is based on the behavior of ants seeking a path and a source of food in their colonies. The aim of This algorithm is to search for an optimal solution for Combinational Optimization Problems (COP) for which is extremely difficult to find solution using the classical methods like linear and non-linear programming methods. 

The Ant System Algorithm was used in the management of water resources field in Iraq, specifically for Haditha dam which is one of the most important dams in Iraq. The target is to find out an efficient management system for

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Dehydration of Ethanol Using Pervaporation Separation with Nanoporous Hydrophilic Silica Ceramic Membrane
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The pervaporation using a commercial hydrophilic ceramic membrane supplied from PERVATECH was conducted. The dehydration of ethanol/ water system was used as a model for the pervaporation study. Pervaporation experiments of ethanol/water system were carried out in the temperature range of 303-343K, ethanol concentration in the feed 10-90 vol. % and the feed flow rate in the range of 0.5-10 L/min.  In this work, the effect of operation parameters on permeates fluxes as well as permeates separation factors have been studied. The Water flux is strongly dependent on the temperature; it increased with increasing in temperature, which in turn decreased the selectivity of membrane to water molecules.

In addition water flux was decr

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Numerical Study of Composite Concrete Castellated Double Channel Beams with Strengthening Techniques
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Current numerical research was devoted to investigating the effect of castellated steel beams without and with strengthening. The composite concrete asymmetrical double hot rolled steel channels bolted back to back to obtain a built-up I-shape form are used in this study. The top half part of the steel is smaller than the bottom half part, and the two parts were connected by bolting and welding. The ABAQUS/2019 program employed the same length and conditions of loading for four models: The first model is the reference without castellated and strengthening; the second model was castellated without strengthened; the third model was castellated and strengthened with reactive powder concrete encased in the

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 15 2022
Journal Name
Bionatura
Assessment of lipid profile with HbA1c in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients
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Insulin-induced hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), including various metabolic disorders. Diabetic people are more likely to develop dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Type 2 diabetes ‎(T2DM), the most common illness, is generally asymptomatic in its early stages and can go misdiagnosed for years. Diabetes screening may be beneficial in some cases since early identification and treatment can lessen the burden of diabetes and its consequences.‎ This study aimed to find the relationship between Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ‎and lipid profile components in T2DM‎ patients. This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on the control group and T2DM patients in ‎Medical City in Ba

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