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Determine Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA in Young Adult College Student
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Present study was carried out to find prevalence of MRSA in healthy individual of second stage students, college of pharmacy/Baghdad University. A total of 74 student selected between age 18-23 years old were included in this study, nasal swabs collected and subjected to many diagnostic standard bacteriological identification methods. Culture, colonial morphology, Gram stain,  mannitol fermentation, coagulase ,gelatinasetest, DNAase, MR/VP and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on tryptic soy agar by modified Kirby-Bauer muller hinton disc diffusion method and the result show that out of 74 nasal swabs,67(90.5%) were MRSA positive isolates, 21(31.4%) of them were mannitol ferment and 46(68.6%) non mannitol fermenter, among these isolates 33(44.6%)male and 41(55.4%) female, there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of Staph. aureus, while show decrease in prevalence with age group,(54%),(27%),(9.5%) alternatively, MRSA positive isolates indicated relatively high rate of resistance to antibiotics, so to vancomycin 3(4.5%),ciprofloxacin 4(6%) , tetracyclin 9(13.5%) ,gentamycin  6(9%),  erythromycin 15(22.5%) and keflex 20(30%). This study show a  high  prevalence  of  MRSA  carriage  in  young  adult  college  student (healthy people) that indicating  the spread of MRSA in the community which consider high risk of spreading infections also we isolate  non  mannitol  fermenter  (MRSA)  Staph. aureus that need further moleculer analysis to prove it.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , MRSA, Modified Kirby-Baur methods.

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 30 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Precipitation Method against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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A novel technique for nanoparticles with a chemical method and impact for resistance bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), UV-visible analysis confirmed the by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern estimation antimicrobial excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA (with zone of inhibition of 11 ± 02 mm , 9 ± 01 mm,8 ± 03 mm and 7.5 ± 02 mm and 6.5 ± 02 mm) at different concentrations (0.5 ,0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125) mg/ml while good activity was 16 ± 03 mm at 17 ± 02 mm zone at 0.25, 0.125 mg/mL, respectively. The increase in microorganism resistance to antibiotics a couple of have caused

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 26 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Comparison between Cefoxitin disk diffusion, Crome agar and EPI-M Screening Kit for Detection of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Specimens have been collected from one hundred and seventeen patients residing in local hospitals, 33 with burns and 84 wound injuries,. Three different methods ,Cefoxitin disk diffusion, EPI-M Screening Kit and Crome agar (MeReSa agar)with selective supplement were used to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) . A comparison was made between these 3 methods according to the results. It was found that the results of the Cefoxitin disk diffusion test were compatible with the results of culturing on Crome agar, while those obtained from the EPI-M Screening kit were not accurate and some of them gave false negative results.

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Publication Date
Wed May 25 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Correlation Between the Persistence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates to Mupirocine and Toxin-Antitoxin Type II Genes
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      Under high concentrations of antibiotics, a fraction of the bacterial population exhibits a phenomenon known as persistence. Toxin- system (TA system) has been reported to be involved in the formation of E. coli, Mycobacterium, and S. aureus persisters.  In this study, the ability of thirty Iraqi isolates of MRSA to form in vitro persister cells after exposure to three different antibiotics (Ceftriaxone 30 µg, Mecillinam 10 µg, and Mupirocin 20 µg) was examined by TD test. Additionally, efflux pump inhibitor [Fluphenazine 0.25 mg/ml] was combined with the antibiotic that triggered persister formation. The distribution of mazEF and yefM-yoeB (Type II TA system) in the tested isolates was detected by PCR. 91% of Mupirocin su

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 22 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Isolation and Identification of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Susceptibility of thirty seven clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics was tested. 100 % of tested isolates were resistant to ampicillin, while the lowest resistance recorded to amikacin 8.10 %. Four of S. aureus isolates showed resistant to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates 33 and 56 for vancomycin was ≥ 32 μg/ml.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 11 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Evaluation of Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Combined Scrophularia striata Extract and Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Scrophularia. striata from Scrophulariacea family has been used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this study we evaluated the synergistic effect of S. striata   hydroalcoholic extract (SSE) and commercially available antibiotics against P. aeroginosa and Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The resazurin-based microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of plan extract and standard antibiotics. The interaction between standard antibiotics and SSE was evaluated by using checkerboard method. The results of this study revealed that SSE enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The combin

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 07 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Antibacterial Photodynamic Effect of 532 nm Diode-Pumped Solid State and 650 nm Diode Lasers on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Vitro
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The photodynamic inactivation against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using two different lasers, 532 nm diode pumped solid state laser (DPSS) in combination with safranin O and 650 nm diode laser in combination with methylene blue was investigated in the present work. A hundred swab samples were collected from patients with burn and wound infections admitted to two hospitals in Baghdad (Specialized Burns Hospital in Medical City and Al Imamein Al Jwadein Medical City Hospital) from December 2015 to February 2016 Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by using Kirby- Bauer method. The irradiation experiments included four groups; a control group, a photosensitizer only group, a laser irradiation only group and a laser irr

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 05 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Medical Research & Health Sciences
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Breast Tumors of Iraqi Patients
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Background: Globally, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women in Iraq. Several genetic and environmental factors are associated..

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Vancomycin resistance among methicillin resistant Saphylococcus Aureus isolates from general hospitals
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Background: Multidrug resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections. The glycopeptides vancomycin has been proposed as the drug of choice for treating such infections; this lead to the emergence of vancomycin intermediate sensitive S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin resistant S.aureus (VRSA).Objectives: To identify the vancomycin resistance both phenotypically and genotypically among MRSA isolates from different hospitals and to determine the sensitivity of these isolates to different antimicrobial agents.Methods: A total of 204 S. aureus isola

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Gentamicin Modulates the Gene Expression of hla in Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm
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Objective: The present work was undertaken to investigate the impact of sub inhibitory concentration of gentamicin on hla gene expression in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: The bacterial isolates used in this study represent 33 MRSA strains, previously isolated form patients visiting several hospitals in Baghdad. Gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin MIC were determined using broth dilution method. Microtiter plate method was adopted to investigate the biofilm forming capacity. Alpha hemolysin was detected by culturing MRSA isolates on rabbit blood agar. Furthermore, hla gene was detected in MRSA isolates using conventional PCR technique; while, qRT-PCR method was performed to assay the hla expression in plank

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 02 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal cavity of Health Care Personnel.
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Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections are growing problems worldwide with important implications in hospitals. The organism is normally present in the nasal vestibule of about 35% apparently healthy individuals and its carriage varies between different ethnic and age groups.

Objective:To study the antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal cavity of Health Care Personnel.

Patients and methods: A total of 180 samples were collected from the nose of the  two groups (health care personnel, community control) at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. They were screened for nasal colonization with S.aureus during the period between Apr

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