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Isolation and Characterization of Triterpenoid Saponin Hederacoside C. Present in the Leaves of Hedera helix L. Cultivated in Iraq
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Hedera helix L. plant belongs to the family Araliaceae that provide a host of bioactive compounds (mainly saponins) of important biological activities, like spasmolytic, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Literature survey revealed that there was no previously study concerning H. helix L. which is cultivated in Iraq, so we decided to carry out this study which include extraction, isolation, purification and identification of biologically important triterpenoid saponin hederacoside C from leaves of H. helix L. Extraction of hederacoside C was carried out using two methods; in the first method maceration  was done with methanol 99.8% and in the second method soxhlet extraction with ethanol 99.8%, was followed, then  fractionation using column chromatography. Preliminary identification of this saponin hederacoside C was done using thin layer chromatography (TLC) where different solvent systems had been tried. Liebermann-Burchard reagent where used for detection. The most suitable extraction method was fully described in this study. The characterization of the isolated hederacoside C was carried out using melting point (M.P.), thin layer chromatography (TLC), FT-IR, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Keywords: Hedera helix L., Hederacoside C, Column chromatography.

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study on Using Cement Kiln Dust and Plastic Bottle Waste to Improve the Geotechnical Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Sulaimani City, Northern Iraq
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In this study, stabilization of expansive soils using waste materials namely; Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), and waste plastic bottles (WPB) was experimentally investigated. Using CKD and WPB are exponentially increasing day by day, due to their capability to solve both environmental and geotechnical problems successfully. Expansive soils were collected from locations with a wide range of plasticity index (PI) (15 - 27) and liquid limit (LL) (35% - 64%). Stabilizer percentages were varied from 0% to 20%, and curing durations for CKD cases were 7 and 28 days. Results showed the best percentages of CKD and WPB are 12% of each one respectively. LL, plastic limit (PL), and swelling percent (SP) loss were observed, which are 46%, 55%, and 96% respec

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences & Humanities
HRM Management Approaches, With a Focus on Employee Centric Approach: A Case Study In The Rafidain Bank In Iraq
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This research attempts to shed light on a topic that is considered one of the most important topics of HRMs management, which is the Employee centric approach by examining its philosophy and understanding . To achieve the goal, the research relied on the philosophical analytical method, which is one of the approaches used in theoretical studies. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are the theoretical studies that addressed this entry in the English language and the lack of it in the Arabic language, according to the researcher's knowledge. The research reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which was that this approach needs more research, analysis and study at the practical and th

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 19 2024
Journal Name
Review Of Clinical Pharmacology And Pharmacokinetics - International Edition
Clinical use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in Iraq: a review of their documented efficacy, safety, and associated genetics
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This comprehensive review examines the efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors in treating various autoimmune diseases, and focuses on their application in Iraqi patients. Elevated TNF-α levels are linked to autoimmune disorders, leading to the development of anti-TNF-α therapies such as infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab, which have gained FDA approval for conditions like psoriasis, in¬flammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. While these therapies demonstrate sig¬nificant therapeutic benefits, including improved quality of life and disease management, they also carry risks, such as increased susceptibility to infections and pote

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 06 2024
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraqi Natural History Meseum
Morphological and molecular study of three species of Acrobeloides (Cobb, 1924) Thorn, 1937(Rhabdida, Cephalobidae) as new record in Iraq
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Importance of Effort and its Impact in Building the Society in the Light of the Holy Book and Sunna
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The Importance of Effort and its Impact in Building the Society in the Light of
the Holy Book and Sunna.
Thank for God and peace be upon Prophet Muhammad, His hose hold and
Companions.
This research is to refute a fault : that Islam as a religioncalls for laziness and
dependence and this in first, Second, to show the originality of the Islamic method in
building and construction.
This research Starts with an introduction in which I refer to the nature of the
Islamic method and its way of work in life: that it is a divine method that is achieved
by the effort of the people them selfves and not through a divine extraordinary power:
The research explains the shift in the peoples life who were addressed by this<

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Publication Date
Sat Nov 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the Iraqi Repatriated Prisoners of the Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988
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Objective: To find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Iraqi repatriated prisoners of Iran-Iraq war
(IRPOWs), and the relationship with some variables.
Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out from Oct. 18th, 2009 through Jan. 10th, 2010. A Snowball
sampling as a non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit 92 repatriates who had visited Ministry of
Human Rights. An instrument was constructed for this purpose. The constructed instrument consisted of six
demographic characteristics, and fourteen items to measure the level of anxiety and depression in prisoners of
war (POWs). Data were collected with using the constructed instrument and the process of the interview as means
for data col

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 16 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Science
Synthesis and Characterization of New Phthalimides Containing 1, 2, 4-triazole and Imine Group
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Several new derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazoles linked to phthalimide moiety were synthesized through following multisteps. The first step involved preparation of 2, 2-diphthalimidyl ethanoic acid [2] via reaction of two moles of phthalimide with dichloroacetic acid. Treatment of the resulted imide with ethanol in the second step afforded 2, 2-diphthalimidyl ester [3] which inturn was introduced in reaction with hydrazine hydrate in the third step, producing the corresponding hydrazide derivative [4]. The synthesized hydazide was introduced in different synthetic paths including treatment with carbon disulfide in alkaline solution then with hydrazine hydrate to afford the new 1, 2, 4-triazole [10]. Reaction of compound [10] with different alde

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Chemical And Process Engineering Research
Synthesis and Characterization of Gelatin-G-Poly (Acryloyl Amide) Proflavine and Controlled Release Study
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Gelatin-grafted N- proflavine acryl amide was synthesized through two steps; firstly the Gelatin was grafted with acrylic acid free radically using Ammonium per-sulfate at 60℃, Then it was modified to its corresponding acyl chloride derivation, second step included the substitution with amino group of proflavine, in this research Gelatin was used as a natural nontoxic, water soluble polymer as a drug carrier. The prepared pro drug polymer was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, Controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37℃. Many advantages were obtained comparing with other known methods.

Publication Date
Tue May 29 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Scientific Research
Synthesis and characterization of substituted 1, 2,4-triazole and their derivatives on poly ethylene
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Abstract New derivatives of 1,2,4- triazole , 1,2,4-triazole -3-one and 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione were obtained through this research. Acid hydrazide derivative was present from reaction of poly acryloyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate in presence of DMF as a solvent then reacted with benzonitrile and its derivatives to give 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. After that reaction of poly acryloyl chloride with semicarbazide and semithiocarbazide to form semicarbazone and semithiocarbazone derivatives respectively. Finally, closing of semicarbazone and semithiocarbazone derivatives with 2% NaOH gave 1,2,4-triazole -3-one and 1,2,4-triazole-4-thione derivatives respectively. These new synthesized products have been characterized by infrared, 1 H-n

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 06 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Copolymerization of Ethyl Methacrylate and Vinyl Acetate with Methacrylamide: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Ratios
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