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Trend of Antibiotics Usage in the Intensive Care Unit in the Medical City in Baghdad
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High frequencies of multidrug resistant organisms were observed worldwide in intensive care units which is a warning as to use the only few effective antimicrobials wisely to reduce selective pressure on sensitive strains.

The aim of the current study is to asses the compliance of the currently followed antibiotic prescribing pattern in the intensive care unit in an Iraqi hospital with the international guidelines.A cross-sectional study was done in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical City in Bagdad from the 30th of November 2011 to the 5th of May 2012.Patients were followed until they were discharged or died to see any change in condition, response to drugs, devices used, and medications.

During the period of the study, there were 46 patients admitted to the ICU of whom 23 (50%) were males and 23 (50%) were females. The age range of patients was between 16 and 85 years. The mean of age of patients was 44.52 (SD±18.45) years. All patients underwent culture and sensitivity test as soon as they were admitted to the ICU, but out of 46 patients only 16 (34.78%) of them have culture and sensitivity tests results retrieved.The number of patients, in whom the antibiotics were prescribed or changed according to culture and sensitivity tests, was six patients only (13.04%). Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic as an empiric treatment followed by ampicillin-cloxacillin combination and meropenem, while clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin were among the least used. The bacterial culture and sensitivity tests of different samples obtained from the patients showed that the most effective antibiotic was tobramycin (90%) followed by ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (69.2%) for each and the least effective (bacterial resistance) was ceftriaxone (33.3%) and cefotaxime (28.5) among others.

In conclusion, there is a critical need for reviewing the trend of antibiotic use in the ICUs depending more on lab. tests to identify the most effective drugs and to minimize the emergence of resistant infection.

Keywords: ICU, Antibiotic resistance, Culture and sensitivity tests.

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 28 2014
Journal Name
Advances In Life Science And Technology
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff Bases, N-Acyl and Diazetines Derived from 3-((5-hydrazinyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)methyl)-1H-indole
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This work involves synthesis of some new heterocyclic compounds including 1, 3-diazetine. The new Schiff bases [VI] ad derived from 3-((5-hydrazinyl-4-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl) methyl)-1H-indole [V] which was synthesized by refluxing 5-((1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thiol [IV] with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol and this amino compound [V] condensation with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol to yielded a new Schiff bases [VI] ad. N-acyl compounds [VII] ad were synthesized by addition reaction of acetyl chloride to imine group of Schiff bases in dry benzene. The new diazetine derivatives [VIII] ad synthesized by the reaction of N-acyl compounds [VII] ad with sodium azide in dimethylformamid

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Synthesis and Characterization of new Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II) Complexes with ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-2-chloroacetamide] and their Antibacterial Studies
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Abstract<p>Addition chloro acetyl isothiocyanate (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>ClNOS) with 3-Aminoaceto phenone (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO) to prepare a fresh Ligand [N-(3-acetyl phenyl carbamothioyl)-2-chloroacetamide](L). The ligand (L) behaves as bidentate coordinating through O and S donor with metal ions, the general formula of all complexes [M(L)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)<sub>2</sub>](M<sup>+2</sup> = Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II)). Compounds were investigation by Proton-1, Carbon -13 NMR spectra (ligand (L) only), Element Microanalysis for C, N, H, O, S, Fourier-transform infrared, UV visible, Conductance</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2014
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
A DESCRIPTION STUDY OF TWO LOCAL FISH HIMRI CARASOBARBUS LUTEUS (Heckel, 1843)(CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) AND HISHNI LIZA ABU (Heckel, 1843) (MUGILOIDEI : MUGILIDAE) BY BONES STAINING METHOD
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    Two local fish Himri Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843)  and Hishni Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) were stained with Alizarin Red and featured some anatomical qualities which cleared the difference of the muscular and skeletal fabric for each fish. Since clear Histologic differences appeared in these two species, it was intended from this study the possibility of adopting a diagnosis between local fish species by staining bones and tissues.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Synthesis, spectral studies, DFT, biological evaluation, molecular docking and dyeing performance of 1-(4-((2-amino-5-methoxy)diazenyl)phenyl) ethanone complexes with some metallic ions
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis and Characterization of Tripodal Tetradentate Ligand Type NS3 and its Complexes with Re(V), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II)
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This work represents the preparation of the starting material, 3-chloro-2-oxo-1,4-dithiacyclohexane (S) using a new method. This material was reacted with, 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide to give (H3NS3) as a tetradentate ligand H3L. New complex of rhenium (V) with this ligand of the formula [ReO(L)] was prepared. New complexes of the general formula [M(HL)] of this ligand when reacted with some metal ions where: M = Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) have been reported. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet–visible, mass, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic absorption spectroscopic techniques and by (HPLC), elemental analysis, and electrical conductivity. The proposed structure for H3L with Re (V) i

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 23 2017
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of Some New 6-amino-7H- [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl) Derivatives Bearing 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)Phenol Moiety
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Compound 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (6) was synthesized by multi steps. The corresponding acetonitrile thioalkyl (7) was cyclized by refluxing with acetic acid to afford 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (8). Two new series of 4-(((6-(3- (4-aryl)thioureido)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6- dimethoxyphenol (9a-c) and of 4-(((6-(substitutedbenzamido)7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (10a-c) were synthesized as new derivatives for fused 1,2,4-trizaole-thiadiazine(8). The antioxidants of newly compounds were evaluated by DPPH

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi J Pharm Sci,
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Ligand Type N2O4 Schiff base and its Novel Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions
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The reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with 1,2-dichloroethane under reflux in methanol and KOH as a base to gave the precursor [H4L]. The precursor under reflux and drops of CH3COOH which reacted with (2mole) from salicycaldehyde in methanol to gave a new type N2O4 ligand [H2L], this ligand was reacted with (MCl2) Where [M= Co (II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)] in (1:1) ratio at reflux in methanol using KOH as a base, to give complexes of the general formula [M(L)]. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [1H NMR ( just to the ligand), FTIR, uv-vis, atomic absorption], melting point, conductivity, chloride content, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements. From the above data, the proposed molecular structu

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Heliyon
Treatment of hospital wastewater by anodic oxidation using a new approach made by combining rotation with pulsed electric current on Cu-SnO2–Sb2O5 rotating cylinder anode
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 15 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity Studies of New Metal Ion Complexes With Schiff Base Derived from (Z)-3-Hydrazineylidene-1-Phenylpyrazolidine and Evaluating Them as Antioxidants
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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Health Science Reports
Diagnostic potential of salivary interleukin‐17, RANKL, and OPG to differentiate between periodontal health and disease and discriminate stable and unstable periodontitis: A case‐control study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

Limitations of the conventional diagnostic techniques urged researchers to seek novel methods to predict, diagnose, and monitor periodontal disease. Use of the biomarkers available in oral fluids could be a revolutionary surrogate for the manual probing/diagnostic radiograph. Several salivary biomarkers have the potential to accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of salivary interleukin (IL)‐17, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL/OPG for differentiating (1) periodontal health from disease and (2) stable a

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