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Consequences of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse in Males, Sexual Hepatic and Metabolic Perspective
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Abstract

Background: anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are becoming increasingly popular between bodybuilders and people who want to enhance their physiques. However, according to the rise of the Internet and laws prohibiting sales of these substances without prescription, the route of obtaining and administration practices have become more and more dangerous.

Objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids represents a group of synthetic testosterone derivatives its play an important role in clinical treatment. These group of drugs are widely abused among the general public to increase lean body weight and improve athletic performance. It has been reported that AAS use can cause many adverse effects. Although there are many related studies, the current study was to review the effect of AAS on serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, free testosterone, ALT, AST, T3, T4, TSH, haemoglobin and platelet in bodybuilders using these hormones and compare the results with control group.

Method: A 50 body builders were using gym routinely and were using AASs for at least 2 months interviewed and collect blood sample to measure certain lab data and see the effects of AAS on these lab data and compare results with control group who were using gym routinely but never use AAS before.

Results: The levels of eight parameters were significantly (P-value< 0.05) different according to the participating groups (AAS users vs control): LH, FSH, Prolactin, ALT, T3, TSH, haemoglobin and platelets. Five of the measured parameters were significantly (P-value< 0.05) lower in the group of AAS users compared to the control (non-user) group: LH, FSH, T3, TSH, and platelets. In contrast, the other three parameters (prolactin, ALT and haemoglobin) were significantly (P-value< 0.05) higher in the AAS user group compared to control group.

Conclusion:  the anabolic androgenic steroids had a harmful effect on multi physiological functions leading to hormonal disturbances.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
1st Samarra International Conference For Pure And Applied Sciences (sicps2021): Sicps2021
Consequences for the groups 𝒮𝓛(2,𝒰), 𝒰 = 23 and 29
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Scopus (13)
Crossref (1)
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Publication Date
Mon Oct 06 2014
Journal Name
Plos One
Hepatic Carboxylesterase 1 Is Induced by Glucose and Regulates Postprandial Glucose Levels
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Scopus (34)
Crossref (24)
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
A prospective study on sexual deviation deployed in Baghdad crimes
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The current research aims to identify the types and rates and the reasons for the crimes that are with the origin and sexual scattered deviation between the fabric of Iraqi society, which reticent about because of the culture of the community, where he offered a researcher investigator justice and tribal leaders and lawyers about proportion and the types and causes of crime is the origin of sexual deviance and finally a question asked a researcher in 1000 young lived their adolescence days of the former regime (1979-2003) from going to brothels researcher found that 920 people and 92% had gone to the house to practice adultery and that 70 of them, and by 7% had engaged in masturbation only and that 10 of them have not committed anything

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2007
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Trace Elements in Serum and Seminal Plasma and Their Relationship to Infertility in Iraqi Males
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Background: Environmental chemicals are thought to
adversely affect human reproductive function.
Objective : To estimate the concentration of cadmium(Cd)
, lead ( Pb ) and Zinc ( Zn ) in serum and seminal plasma
among infertile men .
Methods: A sample of 70 infertile men was investigated.
The relationship of trace elements concentration in serum and
seminal plasma was studied in relation to sperm density,
motility and sperm count.
Results: Except for Zinc the concentration of (Pb) and (Cd)
were generally higher in serum than in seminal plasma. The
mean concentration of (Zn) in seminal plasma was more than
25 times higher than in serum There were no statistical
significant differences observed in the

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 31 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Therapeutic Use of Silymarin in the Management of Suspected Renal and Hepatic Injury Produced by NSAIDs in Osteoarthritis Patients
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Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) mostly associated with renal and hepatic adverse effects, and the adjunct use of compounds with potent protective effects, like silymarin, may be one of the choices to avoid these effects. This project was designed to evaluate the protective effect of silymarin against the suspected renal and hepatic injury induced with long term use of NSAIDs; 220 patients with osteoarthritis were randomized into 5 groups and treated with either silymarin 300mg/day alone, piroxicam 20mg/day alone, meloxicam 15mg/day alone or the combination of each of them with silymarin for 8 weeks. The renal and hepatic functions were evaluated before starting treatment and after 8 weeks including assessm

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 03 2013
Journal Name
European Journal Of Scientific Research
Serum Levels of Anti Intrinsic Factor Antibodies and α1- Antitrypsin in Alcohol-Dependent Males
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Excess alcohol consumption is associated with numerous metabolic changes and homeostasis disturbances of many macro- and micro-elements in the body. It has been associated with multiple pathologies at all levels. In the digestive apparatus, alcohol has generally been related to its toxic effects upon the liver. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α-1 AT or AAT) plays an important role in controlling inflammation, coagulation and repair mechanisms in the body and most α-1 AT in the body is produced by the liver; from the other hand, Intrinsic factor (IF), which is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. This study was designed to assess serum levels of α-1 AT and

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Publication Date
Fri May 01 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
Methotrexate effect on obestatin, progranulin and kidney function in RA Iraqi males patients
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Methotrxate (MTX) has become the standard of care and first-line therapy for patients who have RA and consider as a gold standard of treatment for RA. The role of MTX in the treatment of RA has now been well established. The use of MTX treatment of RA inhibits proliferation of the lymphocytes, reduces signs and symptoms this disease, reduces progression damage of the joints and improves quality of life outcome. Progranulin (PGRN) acts a role in autoimmune inflammatory, has important function in several processes including immune response. Present study has conducted to find the effect of MTX drugs as a therapeutic target for RA patients because of its ability to bind with tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), with progranulin, obestatin an

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Scopus
Publication Date
Tue Aug 26 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Contemporary Medical Sciences
Psychosexual Consequences that Iraqi Women Suffer after Emergency Hysterectomy
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Publication Date
Tue Aug 26 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Contemporary Medical Sciences
Psychosexual Consequences that Iraqi Women Suffer after Emergency Hysterectomy
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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Nurses Beliefs Toward Reporting of Suspected child abuse in Jordan)
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Abstract Objective: To assess nurses' beliefs toward reporting suspected child abuse. To achieve the objectives of the study a questionnaire of child abuse was used. Methodology:- The sample of the study consist of (224) registered nurses who were employed in general hospitals, pediatric hospitals, National psychiatry and mental illness center, nursing colleges, nursing schools. Data were collected from 20 April 2004 to 20 June 2004.Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis. Percentage frequency and mean and inferential data analysis ANOVA. Results: - The result of t

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