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Formulation Variables Effect on Gelation Temperature of Nefopam Hydrochloride intranasal in Situ Gel (Conference Paper) #
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Nefopam (N.F.) HCl is a non-narcotic centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine analgesic to relieve acute and chronic pain. It exhibits low bioavailability (about 36%) due to its first-pass degradation in the liver.

Intranasal administration has been used as a new route for targeting active brain sites and enhancing the bioavailability of N.F. HCl bypassing hepatic metabolism.

In situ gel of N.F. HCl was prepared by the cold method using different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, HPMC K4M, Carbapol 934, and Hyaluronic acid polymers.

The results show that identification tests are superimposed with references, solubility study shows that N.F. HCl is suitable to be administered intranasally; Compatibility studies reveal incompatibility of Nefopam HCl with HPMC K4M and Carbapol 934; meanwhile, no interaction with Methylcellulose and Hyaluronic acid.

In conclusion, the obtained results revealed the incredible ability of the produced N.F. HCl intranasal in situ gel is intended to enhance drug bioavailability bypassing the metabolizing effect of the liver that N.F. HCl is facing when given orally.

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 06 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Spiritual intelligence in a sample of students from the University of Baghdad in the Light of some of the variables
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The research aims to identify intelligence spiritual among a sample of students Baghdad University as well as to identify the differences between students in intelligence spiritual according to variable type (male - female), and variable area of ​​study (Science - a human) and variable (First grade - fourth grade), The research sample consisted of (300) students, were applied scale search - a spiritual Intelligence Scale (prepared by the researcher), has resulted in the search results for: -

The students of the University of Baghdad (sample) enjoyed a high level of spiritual intelligence.
- There are no differences between males and females in the spiritual intelligence.
- There

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 29 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Biomaterials
The Influence of the Hyaluronic Acid Gel on the Postoperative Sequelae following Surgical Removal of the Impacted Mandibular Third Molar in Comparison with the A-PRF: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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One of the most common procedures in oral surgery is the removal of impacted mandibular third molars, often followed by pain, swelling, alveolitis, and trismus. Purpose. To compare the outcomes of the intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid oral gel (HA) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on the expected postoperative complications, pain, swelling, and trismus follow the surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. Material and Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Dental Teaching Hospital. Healthy patients who required surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar were divided randomly into three groups. The extraction site of the group

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 07 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Problems that facing the philosophy of education in the variables of knowledge and Informatics society (techno _ social).
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This research includes problems that facing the philosophy of education in the variables of knowledge and Informatics society (techno _ social).

 The problematic research included three questions:

 1- What are the concepts and characterization related to the problematic of relationship between the philosophy of education and informatics variables (techno - social).

2-What kind of problems facing speech philosophy of education in the variables information (techno - social)

  3 - What are the perceptions of educational proposed to address problematic philosophy of education in the scope of human (human nature) and (values ​​and morals), in addition the research may explain the co

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Transient Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding of AA 7020-T53
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Finite element modeling of transient temperature distribution is used to understand physical phenomena occurring during the dwell (penetration) phase and moving of welding tool in friction stir welding (FSW) of 5mm plate made of 7020-T53 aluminum alloy at 1400rpm and 40mm/min.
Thermocouples are used in locations near to the pin and under shoulder surface to study the welding tool penetration in the workpiece in advance and retreate sides along welding line in three positions (penetrate (start welding) , mid, pullout (end welding)).
Numerical results of ANSYS 12.0 package are compared to experimental data including axial load measurements at different tool rotational speeds (710rpm.900rpm.1120rpm and 1400rpm) Based on the experiment

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Simulation of Temperature Distribution in TIG Spot Welds of (Al-Mg) Alloy Using Finite Element Method
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      This research concern to analyse and simulate the temperature distribution in the spot welding joints using tungsten arc welding shielded with inert gas (TIG Spot) for the aluminum-magnesium alloy type  (5052-O).

      The effect of and the quantity of the heat input that enter the weld zone has been investigated welding current, welding time and arc length on temperature distribution. The finite element method (by utilizing programme ANSYS 5.4) is presented  the temperature distribution in a circular weld pool and the weld pool penetration (depth of welding) through the top sheet ,across the interface into the lower sheet forming a weld spot.   &nbs

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 24 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Comparison of three interpolation methods for the average monthly temperature in the south of Iraqi zone
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This study focuses on evaluating the suitability of three interpolation methods in terms of their accuracy at climate data for some provinces of south of Iraq. Two data sets of maximum and minimum temperature in February 2008 from nine meteorological stations located in the south of Iraq using three interpolation methods. ArcGIS is used to produce the spatially distributed temperature data by using IDW, ordinary kriging, and spline. Four statistical methods are applied to analyze the results obtained from three interpolation methods. These methods are RMSE, RMSE as a percentage of the mean, Model efficiency (E) and Bias, which showed that the ordinary krigingis the best for this data from other methods by the results that have b

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Publication Date
Thu May 09 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate-Release Oral Tablets Containing Magnesium Aluminum Silicate-Loaded Simvastatin
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Background: Simvastatin (SIM) is a lipid-lowering agent to prevent disorders caused by clogged blood vessels. Because of its low solubility, it has low bioavailability. The adsorption technique is effective in improving drug solubility and dissolution rate. Objective: To use magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) as an adsorbent in combination with Soluplus® as a hydrophilic polymer to formulate SIM as immediate-release tablets (IRTs). Methods: We used the solvent evaporation method to make MAS-loaded SIM in the presence of Soluplus®, making sure that the ratio of SIM to MAS to SOLU was 1:6:3. We then used this mixture to make IRTs. Using the direct compression method, we made all of the SIM-IRT formulas. We used diluents like Avicel

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 22 2023
Journal Name
Drug And Chemical Toxicology
Preparation, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of microemulsion formulation containing prunetin for potential oral applications
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Publication Date
Thu Dec 06 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Formulation and Characterization of Bromocriptine Mesylate as Liquid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
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Bromocriptine mesylate is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derivative with potent dopaminergic activity, used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes ,the oral bioavailability is  approximately 6%, therefore aim  its  prepare and evaluate bromocriptine mesylate  as liquid self nano emulsifying drug delivery system to enhance its solubility , dissolution and stability . Solubility study was made in different vehicles to select the best excipients for dissolving bromocriptine mesylate. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant, four formulations were pre

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
International Medical Journal
The Effect of Adding Poloxamer Surfactant on Cleaning Efficiency of NaOCl and NaOH (SEM Study)
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Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of adding a poloxamer surfactant to the irrigant solutions on its cleaning efficiency. Design: In this study the roots of extracted permanent premolar teeth were used and evaluated by using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Materials and Method: 72 human single tooth of permanent premolar (8 for each group) were used in this in vitro study. Roots after sectioning at cervical area to get 15 mm were embedded in a plastic container filled with impression silicon, then instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments till size F4. Each group (8 root) were irrigated with one of the nine solutions used in study: three concentrations of NaOH [5% (A1), 2.5%(A2), 0.5%(A3)], th

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