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Formulation Variables Effect on Gelation Temperature of Nefopam Hydrochloride intranasal in Situ Gel (Conference Paper) #
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Nefopam (N.F.) HCl is a non-narcotic centrally-acting, non-opioid benzoxazocine analgesic to relieve acute and chronic pain. It exhibits low bioavailability (about 36%) due to its first-pass degradation in the liver.

Intranasal administration has been used as a new route for targeting active brain sites and enhancing the bioavailability of N.F. HCl bypassing hepatic metabolism.

In situ gel of N.F. HCl was prepared by the cold method using different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, HPMC K4M, Carbapol 934, and Hyaluronic acid polymers.

The results show that identification tests are superimposed with references, solubility study shows that N.F. HCl is suitable to be administered intranasally; Compatibility studies reveal incompatibility of Nefopam HCl with HPMC K4M and Carbapol 934; meanwhile, no interaction with Methylcellulose and Hyaluronic acid.

In conclusion, the obtained results revealed the incredible ability of the produced N.F. HCl intranasal in situ gel is intended to enhance drug bioavailability bypassing the metabolizing effect of the liver that N.F. HCl is facing when given orally.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2020
Journal Name
Annals Of Tropical Medicine And Public Health
Molecular Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes from Cervical Lesions in Baghdad
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Objective Using two complementary techniques of virus detection human papillomavirus (HPV)[capture of hybrids (CH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)], relate the cytological study and/or cervical biopsy with high-risk HPV (HPV-HR) genotypes presence, as well as relating their viral load (VL). Methods About 272 women, who presented most cell alterations compatible with lesions cervical HPV, which has been detected in all high risk by the CH method and HPV genotype detection by PCR. Results In 22% of the patients it was not detected HPV DNA. Genotype 16 and/or 18 was prevalent and was found in 33% of the 212 women studied, meanwhile, mixed infections were found by several genotypes in 25%. In as for the histological lesions found, in 61 pat

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Madenat Alelem College
Morphological description and Histological structure of the liver in Passer domesticus (House sparrow)
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This study showed that liver of Passer domesticus bilobed the right lobe is cardiac shape while the left is elliptical and the liver colour is brown. It is occupying most of anterior and middle parts of abdominal cavity. The liver is surrounded by Glison capsule which is represented by a thin layer of connective tissue with septum extend peripherally in liver tissue. The liver tissue is formed from polyhedral hepatocyte arrange as irregular hepatic cord surrounded the central vein. Each cell contains one or two nucleus with one or more nucleolus. The blood sinusoid appeared between the liver cells .The hepatic cord arranged radially around the central vein. The portal area is clear and surrounded by connective tissue. Gallbladder is almost

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Publication Date
Thu Jul 20 2023
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Morphological Description and Histological Study of Thyroid Gland in Felis catus (Linnaeus,1758)
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The results of the current study showed that the thyroid gland in an adult domestic cat (Felis catus) is located in the neck area on both sides of the trachea at rings 1–5. The gland consists of two lobes (right and left), and it is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue consisting of two outer and inner layers, and a layer of fatty tissue overlaps with the outer layer of the capsule. In addition, the results of this study found that the histological structure of the thyroid gland is composed of several follicles that appear in different sizes and shapes. The follicles are lined with simple cuboidal epithelial tissue and sometimes appear lined with high and low simple cuboidal epithelial tissue. The gland is histologically c

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Publication Date
Sat May 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Anatomical histological structure of the cerebellum in the Iraqi frog Rana ridibunda ridibunda
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Abstract<p>The current study was designed to investigate the histological structure of the cerebellum in the Iraqi frog <italic>Rana ridibunda ridibunda</italic>. The cerebellum was removed surgically from 20 Iraqi frogs, <italic>Rana ridibunda ridibunda</italic>, and preserved in fixative of 10% formalin solution for a period of 72 hr, then the histological sections were prepared by the method of paraffin. The results of the study showed that the cerebellum of the adult Iraqi frog is one of the rhombencephalon regions, and consists of three layers, molecular layer, purkinje cells layer, and granular layer. The present histological findings suggest that the cerebellum of the </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The effectiveness of intense pulsed light (home use) device in facial hair reduction
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Background: Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices produce polychromatic incoherent high-intensity pulsed light with a specified wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration through the use of flashlamps and bandpass filters. Similar to lasers, IPL devices operate on the selective photothermolysis principle, with melanin acting as the chromophore. Despite this similarity, they are constructed differently and produce different amounts of light Aim of the study: To investigate the efficacy of IPL home-use device in hair reduction technique for women with unwanted facial hair. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in Baghdad on forty-five female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototype (II to IV) and black, brown hair in a period of ei

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 21 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Automatic Determination of Liquid's Interface in Crude Oil Tank using Capacitive Sensing Techniques
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The petroleum sector has a significant influence on the development of multiphase detection sensor techniques; to separate the crude oil from water, the crude oil tank is used. In this paper, a measuring system using a simple and low cost two parallel plate capacitance sensor is designed and implemented based on a Micro controlled embedded system plus PC to automatically identify the (gas/oil) and (oil/water) dynamic multi-interface in the crude oil tank. The Permittivity differences of two-phase liquids are used to determine the interface of them by measuring the relative changes of the sensor’s capacitance when passes through the liquid’s interface. The experiment results to determine the liquid’s interface is sa

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Publication Date
Sun May 18 2025
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Veterinary Sciences
Histomorphological study of the lymphoglandular complex in adult local breed dog (Canis familiaris)
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archives
Histological and histochemical study of the duodenum in the Caucasian Squirrel, Sciurus Anomalus
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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2016
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS OF GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME IN CHILDREN WELFARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
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Background: Guillain Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nerves. Its synonyms are: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, idiopathic polyneuritis, acute infective polyneuropathy and post infections polyneuritis. Objectives: We attempt to study the clinical presentations and complications in patients with GBS who were admitted to children welfare Teaching Hospital and to compare the results with the other studies.Type of the study: A retrospective study.Methods: A study done on seventy patients with GBS who were admitted to children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Medical City-Baghdad from different parts of Iraq between January 2002-December 2006.Results: Forty (57.14%) of them

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Baltic Journal Of Law & Politics
The position of Iraq in Russia's foreign policy after the year 2000 AD
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This research deals with the foreign policy and the Russian trends towards Iraqafter the year 2000 AD, the international variables that affect that bilateralrelationship and the importance of the position and weight of Iraq in the MiddleEast and the attempt to include Iraq in the international organizations and blocsled by China and the Russian Federation such as the Shanghai CooperationOrganization, and joining the Chinese Belt and Road project to serve interests TheIraqi economy, and an attempt to extend its influence through security alliances inthe region in general, and Iraq in particular, as the quadrilateral center of the waron terrorism in which Russia, Iran, Iraq and Syria participated, which strengthensbilateral relations between

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