Patients with decompensated cirrhosis have typically prescribed a combination of therapeutic and prophylactic medications. Polypharmacy increases the probability of medication errors and drug related problems. Clinical pharmacists are highly effective at identifying, resolving, and preventing clinically important drug-related problems in their patients' care. The objectives of the study were the identification and classification of drug-related problems, as well as the discussion of these problems with health care providers (physicians, pharmacists, and nurses) and patients. Reduce their incidence as effectively as possible and educate all research participants on the significance of following their prescribed drug regimen. Prospective, interventional, clinical study for 80 hospitalized decompensated liver cirrhosis patients was designed in two phases, an observational phase to identify drug related problems and classify them according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification version 9.1, and an interventional phase to increase the awareness of patients and the health care providers about those problems and to propose a proper solution for each one. The majority of drug-related problems were attributable to the Effect of drug treatment not optimal in 41.5%, Adverse drug events (possibly) occurring in 41.5 %, and Untreated symptoms or indications in 17%. Causes were Drug dose too high in 30.2%, Patient unintentionally using the drug in the wrong way in 22.6%, and Prescribed drug not available in 13.2%. Omeprazole and lactulose were the most common medications causing problems. Acceptance and full implementation were high and observed in 71.7% of pharmacist interventions while 15.1% of the intervention have no agreement. Significant numbers of Iraqi patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis have drug-related problems, and the use of proton pump inhibitors in too high dose was accountable for a large number of problems. Physicians and clinical pharmacists collaborated exceptionally well
Various activities taking place within the city of Baghdad have significantly contributed to organic pollution in Rivers Tigris and Diyala. The present study aimed to assess some physical, chemical and biological aspects of six sites on Rivers Tigris and Diyala as they flow through the city of Baghdad. Monthly samples were collected for the period January to December, 2005. Marked differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of water were noted between the two rivers’ sites. Average values during the study period of dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, particulate organic matter, nitrate, phosphate and total dissolved solids for Tigris and Diyala were 7.8,4.7; 2.4,10.4; 350.1,921.4;7.8,13.9;1.2,4.8;814,2176 mg / l re
... Show MoreObjectives: acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious pathophysiology side effect of rhabdomyolysis. Inflammatory mechanisms play a role in the development of rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Citronellol (CT) is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol (3,7-Dimethyl-6-often-1-ol) found in aromatic plant species' essential oils. In this study, we explored the protective effects of Citronellol on glycerol-induced AKI.
Methods: Four groups of eight mice each (n=8) were formed by randomly dividing the animals into the groups, glycerol-induced AKI model group, low-dose CT-treated group (50mg/kg), high-dose CT-treated group (100mg/kg), and control group. The renal functions of mice from all groups were evalua
... Show MoreIn this paper, turbidimetric and reversed-phase ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) methods were described for the quantitative determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical injections form. The first method is based on measuring the turbidimetric values for the formed yellowish white precipitate in suspension status in order to determine the ephedrine hydrochloride concentration. The suspended substance is formed as a result of the reaction of ephedrine hydrochloride with phosphomolybdic acid which was used as a reagent. The physical and chemical characteristics of the complex were investigated. The calibration graphs of ephedrine were established by turbidity method. While the second method (UFLC) was conducted using the
... Show MoreDoppler assessment may lead to intervention that reduces the risk of fetal brain damage. Aim of thestudy: to assess the relation between ultrasonic hemodynamic Doppler indices of middle cerebral and umbilical arteries (PI, RI), growth indices to immediate neonatal outcomes (weight, head & abdominal circumference, APGAR scores at 1 and 5 minutes and neonatal unit admission) in women with mild, moderate and severe anemia during pregnancy. Present study is a clinical prospective study carried out in Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital during (January-Jun) 2019, all anemic pregnant women presented to Obstetrical wards in hospitals for emergency cesarean section were the study population. The final sample selected was 120 pregnant women. Ultra
... Show MoreBackground: Routine supplementation of vitamin D to infants is justifiable since vitamin D deficiency, and its consequences are highly prevalent not only in developing countries but worldwide. Maintaining a normal level of vitamin D is crucial in order to have a normal skeletal, as well as, extra-skeletal health. Knowledge of mothers regarding importance of vitamin D supplementation affect the health of their babies in a positive manner if accompanied by appropriate practice.
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi mothers of under or equal 12 months old infants in Baghdad, AL-Rusafa, regarding vitamin D supplementation for their infants.
Typ
... Show MoreIn this study, concentrations of radon and uranium were measured for twenty six samples of soil. The radon concentrations in soil samples measured by registrant alpha-emitting radon (222Rn) by using CR-39 track detector. The uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using registrar fission fragments tracks in CR-39 track detector that caused by the bombardment of U with thermal neutrons from 241 Am-Be neutron source that has flux of 5 ×103n cm-2 s-1.
The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples The results show that the radon concentrations are between (91.931-30.645Bq/m3).
The results show that also the uranium concentrat
Background: Antioxidant, sedative, anticancer, and antibacterial properties are among the numerous pharmacological characteristics of Galium verum. Aim: The primary goal of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effects of G. verum extract against folic acid-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Materials and methods: 18 male rats were assigned into three groups: Control, AKI, and G. verum. AKI was induced by a dose of folic acid (250 mg/kg, i.p.) while G. verum (250 mg/kg) was administrated for 7 consecutive days. Results: G. verum methanol extract contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, iridoids, triterpen
... Show MoreObjectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the information of caregivers concerned emergency care for the elderly and to identify the relationship between caregiver information and their educational level, years of service and training courses. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Geriatric Care Home in Baghdad City (the governmental and private geriatric care home ) for the period from October, 14th , 2018 to March, 20th , 2019 to find the effectiveness of the instructional program on caregivers knowledge about emergency care for the elderly.. A purposive sample (non-probability) was consisting of (30) males and females caregivers, the sample was selected from geriatric care home in Baghdad city .To implemen
... Show MoreWater samples from a variety of sources in Kelantan, Malaysia (lakes, ponds, rivers, ditches, fish farms, and sewage) were screened for the presence of bacteriophages infecting