Background: Over the last few years, nanocrystal technology has expanded to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, which is challenging. Nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit many properties, such as enhancing drug solubility, dissolution, oral absorption, and high drug loading. Ondansetron hydrochloride (ONH) is an antiemetic drug that antagonizes a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor in the peripheral and central nervous system and is widely prescribed for the management of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea, as well as for postoperative nausea. ONH exhibits approximately 60% bioavailability due to its poor solubility and first-pass metabolism in the liver. Its solubility is pH-dependent, its precipitates abov

          New nitrone and selenonitrone compounds were synthesized. The condensation method between N-(2-hydroxyethyl) hydroxylamine and substituted carbonyl compounds such as [benzil, 4, 4́-dichlorobenzil and  2,2́ -dinitrobenzil] afforded a variety of new nitrone compounds while the condensation between N-benzylhydroxylamine and substituted selenocarbonyl compounds such as [di(4-fluorobenzoyl) diselenide and (4-chlorobenzoyl selenonitrile] obtained selenonitrone compounds. The condensation of N-4-chlorophenylhydroxylamine with dibenzoyl diselenide obtained another type of selenonitrone compounds. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned based on spectroscopic data (FT-IR,

The crystalline zeolite, namely faujasite type Y with SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio of 5 was used as raw material for preparation of isomerization catalysts. A 0.5 wt % Pt/HY-zeolite catalyst was prepared by impregnation of the decationized HY-zeolite with chloroplatinic acid. The dectionized HY-zeolite was treated with HCl, HNO3 and HI promoters using different normalities and with different concentrations of Sn, Ni and Ti promoters by impregnation method to obtain acidic and metallic promoters' catalysts, respectively. A 0.5 wt% of Pt was added to above catalysts using impregnation method. Isomerization of n-hexane was carried out at different prepared catalysts. The isomerization temperature varied from 250–325° C over weight hourly space

   The chemicals materials were used to study the effect of citric acid, detergents, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate on the vitality of the third stage of mosquito Culex pipiens molestus. The highest larvicidal efficacy was established from citric acid solution followed by detergents solution, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate with (LC₅₀) values 2096, 2715, 13930, 13960 ppm respectively. The concentration of 1000 ppm of citric acid showed a fatal effect on the third stage larvae of mosquitoes which gave a mortality percent of 100% on the second day of the treatment. It was followed by the concentrations of 750 ppm and 500 ppm respectively which caused the death of all larvae on the fifth and sixth days respe

The Chemistry of heterocyclic sulphur and nitrogen containing compounds have a great role in the  field of scientific studies, The 2-amino 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole ring for instance, has gained more importance in recent years because  they are considered as potent biologically active nucleus. In this study disulfide derivative can be obtained by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide of thiol group of the heterocyclic 2-amino 5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole ring to obtain compound (3) with expected antibacterial  activity. In order to use it as a diazo component to prepare some new bis azo compounds as possible antibacterial  agents, the reaction of two primary amino groups on both sides of disulfide dimer with sodium nitr

Background: the activity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia had been observed to correlate with levels of serum lipoproteins

Objective: to evaluate the correlation of serum levels of different types of lipoproteins with activity of the disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Type of the study: A prospective study.

Methods: A study included patients diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, their serum levels of lipoproteins at time of diagnosis, and on relapse were obtained for comparison.

Results: there is significant inverse correlation of activity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with serum total cholesterol

In this work ester derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of imidazole derivatives (C1) with ethylchloroacetate in ethanol and NaOH to give the corresponding (C2) .While compound (C3) acetohydrazide was synthesized by the reaction of ester derivatives (C2) with hydrazine hydrat in ethanol. Compound (C3) from the reaction with different aromatic aldehydes in absolute ethanol gave the Schiff′s bases (C4,C5). The product compounds were characterized by FT-IR, U.V and 1HNMR spectra and the biological activities were studied as antibacterial.

This study on the plant of Ain –AL Bason Catharanthus roseous showed the ability of callus cells that is produced by In Vitro culture technique and transformed to the accumulated media (MS 40gm/L sucrose ,2gm/L IAA Indole acetic acid , 0.5gm/L Tryptophan) to produce Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds. Extraction, purification and quantitive determination of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds using High performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC)were carried out. The results showed that the highest concentration of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds were ( 4.653,12.5 (ppm /0.5 dry Wight respectively from transformed callus cells from MS 40 gm /L sucrose , 2 gm / L NAA Naphthaline acetic acid .

The treatment of migraine headache targets the neurovascular mechanism and involves the use of serotonin receptor antagonists. Some of these drugs are used for the treatment of acute attacks; while others are effective as prophylactic measures to decrease the duration and frequency of attacks. Pizotifen, a 5-HT_A antagonist, is one of the prophylactic drugs for which the clinical use resulted in low outcomes in reducing migraine symptoms. Melatonin, a serotonin derived neurohormone, was reported to exert many functions like sleep induction, anti-inflammatory, neurovascular regulation, cytoprotection and modulation of neurotransmitter release.  In the view of the involvement of serotonin in the pathophysiology of migraine a

Introduction. Hepatotoxicity is primarily-caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction; and, it is the principal factor that restricts the clinical efficacy of cyclophosphamide (Cpd), which is a chemotherapeutic drug that is frequently-used. The antioxidant capabilities have been demonstrated by dapagliflozin (Dapa), which is an inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2). Silymarin (Sil) is a chemical that is extracted from milk thistle. Researches have demonstrated that silymarin has hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties.

Aim.