The current study performed in order to detect and quantify epicatechin in two tea samples of Camellia sinensis (black and green tea) by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Extraction of epicatechin from black and green tea was done by using two different methods: maceration (cold extraction method) and decoction (hot extraction method) involved using three different solvents which are absolute ethanol, 50% aqueous ethanol and water for both extraction methods using room temperature and direct heat respectively. Crude extracts of two tea samples that obtained from two methods were fractionated by using two solvents with different polarity (chloroform and ethyl acetate). Qualitative and quantitative determinations of epicatechin in tea samples were investigated. Epicatechin identification was made by utilizing preliminary chemical tests and TLC. This identification was also boosted by HPLC and the quantity of epicatechin was determined in all ethyl acetate fractions of two tea samples. This research revealed the existence of epicatechin in black and green tea according to TLC and HPLC. Aqueous ethanol 50% was the best solvent for extraction of epicatechin from leaves of tea. Quantitative estimation of epicatechin by HPLC revealed that ethyl acetate fraction of DGTAE contains the higher concentration of epicatechin than other analyzed fractions. Conclusion, tea is an excellent source of catechins particularly epicatechin that possessed various pharmacological effects.
A characteristic study of a passively Q-switched diode pumped solid state laser system is presented in this work. For laser a comparison study for the theoretically calculated results with a simulation results using a software which calculates the Q-switched solid state laser parameters was such as energy, peak power and pulse width were performed. There was a good agreement between our theoretical calculations and the simulation values.
The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of government units (Iraqi hospitals) by trying to determine the possibility of the current governmental accounting system to provide information on the performance reports of government units. In order to improve the efficiency of hospital resources management, the services provided by the hospital should be subject to performance measurement and evaluation The importance of the health sector in the provision of services, in order to raise the efficiency of the performance of services provided by government units has reached the researcher a set of conclusions, the most important
- The financial reports produced by the accounting s
The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay
... Show MoreThe phenomena of Dust storm take place in barren and dry regions all over the world. It may cause by intense ground winds which excite the dust and sand from soft, arid land surfaces resulting it to rise up in the air. These phenomena may cause harmful influences upon health, climate, infrastructure, and transportation. GIS and remote sensing have played a key role in studying dust detection. This study was conducted in Iraq with the objective of validating dust detection. These techniques have been used to derive dust indices using Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI) and Middle East Dust Index (MEDI), which are based on images from MODIS and in-situ observation based on hourly wi
Concentrated research topic in the study of variables key to the work of offices of inspectors Amyin ، a (re- design function، and performance Organisational ) and took this message to know the nature of the relationship and the impact of the dimensions of the re- design function as a variable interpretative through its dimensions، is ( the diversity of skill، selecting the task ، the importance of task، autonomy، feedback )، and performance Organisational variable responsive through two dimensions are ( effectiveness ، efficiency )، and in order to test the research hypotheses were absorbed variables in the form of a questionnaire and were questionnaire primary means of gatheri
... Show MoreThe theatrical image represents one of the tools of communication with the other to create a communicative language that is produced and transmitted by the actor and his body through the theatrical space to convey the meaning in all its forms and types. The actor is concerned with the composition and construction of these images. My girl, the image is fragmented and multiple and different. Therefore, based on the foregoing, the researcher has divided his research into four chapters, representing the (methodological framework). First, the research problem, which is manifested in the following question (what is the structure of the fragmented image of the actor's performance? The Iraqi playwright), and secondly: the importance of the resea
... Show MoreThis paper deals with the process of evaluating the performance of agricultural activity in Iraq and in particular the agricultural initiative launched by Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, during the period from 2008 - 2011. Where it is possible to use criteria or indicators that are fabricated by a statement on the calendar and the results of which may be by comparing planned performance with actual performance or the evaluation of the actual performance of successive periods selected. With an emphasis on the agricultural initiative is subject to the evaluation process by implementing and destinations specialized loan funds its own projects as one of the agricultural lending. With the need to co
... Show MoreThe research aims to identify Determination talent management dimensions of (attracting talent, developing talent, directing talent, performance management talent, retain talent) in the entrepreneurial performance of the organization dimensions of (advance planning, efficiency, effectiveness), so search occupies the extreme importance of being treated important and recent issue of the performance Entrepreneuria, management talent, aware of the importance of the subject and expected results of the company surveyed, was an analysis of data obtained through field visits in addition to the questionnaire and interviews, highlights were the results that have been reached to take the sample into account all the management requirements knack of att
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This research aims to examine the correlation and the influence of Authentic Leadership on the contextual performance as a dependent variable, in the departments and Division of the iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs To try out with a number of recommendations that contribute to raising the level of contextual performance in the Ministry. Starting from the importance of research in public organizations and its Role in society, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in accomplishing this research, The 99 people responded exclusively comprehensively, based on questionnaire that is include 28-item, using interviews and field observations as
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