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Covid-19 Control Measures by some community Pharmacies in Sulaimani City/Iraq
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Background: Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has enormously affected various healthcare services including the one of community pharmacy. The ramifications of these effects on Iraqi community pharmacies and the measures they have taken to tackle the spread of COVID-19  is yet to be explored. In this cross sectional survey, infection control measures by community pharmacies in Sulaimani city/Iraq has been investigated.        

Methods: Community pharmacists were randomly allocated  to participate in a cross-sectional survey via visiting their pharmacies and filling up the questionnaire form.

 

Results and discussion: A total of 50 pharmacies responded to the survey. Results showed that large numbers of community pharmacies (50%) have started to implement infection control measures during May 2020, three months after reporting the first COVID-29 cases in Iraq. The data shows that wearing face masks and washing hands frequently were among the most common personal measures to curb the spread of the virus with 33% each. Results reveal that 70% of the pharmacies sanitized customer’s space on a daily base and more than half of the participants install 1 meter distance measures between the customers. Meanwhile, almost half of the community pharmacies reduced the number of front line staff into one, minimising the risk of contact with infectious customers. Upon having a staff member testing positive, testing or self-isolation on all other staff members were imposed by the participants.

Conclusion: Community pharmacists in Iraq were facing unprecedented challenge when coronavirus hit the country. Taking control measures by community pharmacies were of paramount significance to curb the spread of the virus in their working place and the community as well all these need a sophisticated plan in the future.

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 18 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Assessment of Associated Factors with Risk of Relapse in Schizophrenic Patients at Psychiatric Hospitals in Baghdad City
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Schizophrenic patients who are at great risk of relapse are characterized by non-compliance,
denial of illness and need for treatment and no contact with family. So, the prevention of relapse
and readmission to hospital are crucial in mental health practice.
The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was carried out from November 2nd
2006 through the end of 20 of April 2008.
Objectives: To assess the associated factors with the risk of relapse in schizophrenic patients at
psychiatric hospitals in Baghdad city.
Methodology: A purposive "non-probability" sample of (50) schizophrenic patient who hasd
relapsed was involved in the present study. Data were collected through the use of the constructed
qu

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2015
Journal Name
Iosr J Dent Med Sci
Upsurge of cases of lichen planus in Iraqi population in Baghdad City with frequency of hepatitis viruses
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KE Sharquie, AA Noaimi, AA Zeena, IOSR J Dent Med Sci, 2015 - Cited by 5

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 17 2024
Journal Name
South Eastern European Journal Of Public Health
The Level of Serum Selenium in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Medical City/ Baghdad Teaching Hospital
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Introduction: Selenium is an essential trace element involved in different physiological functions of the human body. An inverse relationship between serum selenium levels and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been reported. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is regarded as a potentially premalignant transformation of squamous cells of the cervix. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the serum level of selenium and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Iraqi National Cancer Research Center in the University of Baghdad during the period from July 2021 to July 2022. A convenient sample of 100 women was enrolled in the current study and included

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 24 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A Salivary α-Amylase Level in Relation to the Oral Health Parameters among Children in Baghdad City
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Background: Saliva is a specific bio-fluid with important biomarkers. Analyzing any alternation in these markers could give valuable information, in relation to oral health status parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of α -amylase in unstimulated whole saliva of healthy, primary school children in relation to some oral health parameters. Materials and Methods: A questionnaires consisted of demography and medical histories of participants were filled by children families. Saliva samples were collected for 5- minutes between 9:00 -11:00 AM from 114 healthy students aged 6-13 years, divided into four age groups. Flow- rate, Plaque and Gingival Index were assessed and dentition status was investigated by DMFT/dmft

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Some Types of Mappings in Bitopological Spaces
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            This work, introduces some concepts in bitopological spaces, which are nm-j-ω-converges to a subset, nm-j-ω-directed toward a set, nm-j-ω-closed mappings, nm-j-ω-rigid set, and nm-j-ω-continuous mappings. The mainline idea in this paper is nm-j-ω-perfect mappings in bitopological spaces such that n = 1,2  and m =1,2 n m. Characterizations concerning these concepts and several theorems are studied, where j = q , δ, a , pre, b, b.

 

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 17 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Discrete Mathematical Sciences And Cryptography
Compute some concepts in PG (3, 8)
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Publication Date
Mon Jun 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effective quality control of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using Geographic information systems: A Review
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Inefficient wastewater disposal and wastewater discharge problems in water bodies have led to increasing pollution in water bodies.  Pollutants in the river contribute to increasing the biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (SS), total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and toxic metals render this water unsuitable for consumption and even pose a significant risk to human health. Over the last few years, water conservation has been the subject of growing awareness and concern throughout the world, so this research focused on review studies of researches that studied the importance of water quality of wastewater treated disposal in water bodies and modern technology to management w

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 23 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
prediction Capacity of Euphrates River at Assamawa City
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The reduction in the rivers capacity is one the most important issue to give the decision maker an idea during the flood season. The study area included the rivers of the Al Atshan, Al Sabeel and Euphrates, which are surveyed with a length of 21, 5 and 20 km respectively. The Euphrates , the Atshan and Al Sabeel rivers were simulated by using HEC-RAS 5.0.3 software to study the real condition within the city of Assamawa. As well as the simulation was implemented by modifying the cross sections of the Euphrates and Al Sabeel rivers to increase their capacity to 1300 and 1200 m3/s respectively which are a flood discharges100 year return periods. The results showed that the maximum discharge capacity under real conditions o

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Urban wetlands and their impact on city sustainability
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Urban wetlands are one of the complex systems that provide many economic, social and environmental services to the city. In this research, the most important services provided by urban wetlands from the point of view of the urban planner were reviewed, and the types of these lands and their divisions according to the type of services provided by each type were presented. Environmental is represented in its ability to reduce the dangers of floods, mitigate the climate and reduce its negative impacts, purify water and deplete a lot of suspended impurities and pollutants, and social services such as recreational areas and beautiful landscapes that inspire joy and reassurance in the soul, as well as cultural areas and sports activities for m

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Business And Technopreneurship
Assessment of Entrepreneurship Education on the Relationship Between Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control and Entrepreneurial Intention
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Entrepreneurial events are understood to be imperious in accelerating the economic development of nations owing to a large number of jobs it creates. Thus, both developed and developing countries understand the importance of entrepreneurship education to instil student interest in entrepreneurial action. This study investigates the moderating effect of entrepreneurship education (EEP) on the relationship between attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SNMS), and perceived behavioural control (PBC) towards entrepreneurship intention (EINT) of university undergraduate students. The study population covered 794 students from all the four faculties of Northwest University Kano, that were taught a compulsory entrepreneurship education course in their

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