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Occurrence of Quinolone-Resistance Genes in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhi Isolated form Blood Sample of Patients with Typhoid Fever
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Salmonella is approved as a common foodborne pathogen, causing major health problems throughout the world particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance is conferred by both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded resistance, this research was carried out look into the occurrence rate of qnrA,qnrB and qnrS genes  in  Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi Cipr  ofloxacin-resistant insulate from blood samples of patients with typhoid fever. Fifteen Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolated previously from patients with typhoid fever were included in this study. All bacterial isolates were confirmed to have ciprofloxacin resistant by VITEK 2 microbial identification system; after plasmid DNA extraction; multiplex-PCR was done with primer sequences intended to plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance genes which is qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS. In this study; it was 21 qur genes amongst 15 isolates. The qnrS gene was the commonest (10/21, 47.6%) followed by qnrA (6/21, 28.5%), whereas only 4 isolates were positive for qnrB (5/21, 23.8%). Some isolates had more than one qnr genes. So, Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi can have more than one gene at the same time; and the most occurrence rate in regards to qnr gene in this study was qnrS compared to qnrA and qnrB

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 07 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Math Word Problems in Mathematics Books for the First Three Grads of the Basic Stage in Palestine (An analytical and Evaluative Study)
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This study aimed at revealing the degree of availability of standards of word problems in mathematics books for the first three grades of the basic stage in Palestine. For this purpose, the researcher prepared an analysis tool and a list of criteria consisting of two areas: linguistic formulation and mathematical content. Every area had seven items. The results of the study showed that the third-grade mathematics book has the highest degree of availability of the standards with 85.75%, and then came the second-grade mathematics book with 83.12%. Finally, the first-grade mathematics book came with 80.13%. In the light of the previous results, the researcher recommended to develop the language of word problems, to take into account their i

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
A reformation Study about the Construction Management in the Primary Stage Curricula’s for the Civil Engineering in Some of the Iraqi Universities
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There is no doubt that the field of education and teaching (in any country and whatever its ruling system varies “d”) is considered one of the most specific and sensitive field, because it is related to the building of human. And as the human is a purpose (aim) and the means in the same time and he is the strategist capital, so he way of his rearing, education, choosing the educator, methods of working and the aims are considered serious matters.

     The educational process has aim determined by the society for him self through its working establishments in this field and these are the official and public establishments. And as he feels that the establishments have failed to achieve its d

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Study of the genetic diversity in three species belonging to family: Daphniidae (Crustaceae, Cladocera) collected from different regions in Baghdad Province/Iraq
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 18 2022
Journal Name
Sciencescholar Publication
Logical reasoning skills according to Piaget's model for chemistry students in the college of education for pure sciences Ibn al-Haytham in
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Abstract---The aim of the current research is to identify the level of logical reasoning skills in chemistry students at the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haytham for the academic year (2021-2022). The differences in their level of skills according to the gender variable (males and females) and the academic stages (first- second - third - fourth). The descriptive approach was adopted because it corresponds to the nature of the research objectives. The research sample consisted of (400 )students selected in a relatively random stratified way. The researcher constructed a logical reasoning test, which includes (6) sub-skills , which is (proportional - probabilistic- synthetic- deductive- logic- variable adjustment). The psych

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational Transparency influence in reducing administrative corruption financially studing analytcal analysts of the same man from the upper leaders in iraqi Organizations
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The Organizational Transparency is regarded one of the effective means in the attempts of the restoration and working to prevent the corruption and reduce the negative managerial economic social and political effects.

Accordingly, this study aims at importance of performing an explorative analytical study in order to stand on the effect of the Organizational Transparency in the reduction of environment of Iraqi Organizations.

To achieve this study, three hypotheses were chosen; the first is the correlation relation and the second is the effect and the third is the differences, and statistical means represented by correlation coefficient "Spearman", "", "Mann- Whit

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Sport Sciences
The effect of using the McCarthy model according to cognitive style (rigid- flexibility) in learning some skills in artistic gymnastics for women
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The aim of the research is to identify the cognitive method (rigidity flexibility) of third-stage students in the collage of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at The University of Baghdad, as well as to recognize the impact of using the McCarthy model in learning some of skills in gymnastics, as well as to identify the best groups in learning skills, the experimental curriculum was used to design equal groups with pre test and post test and the research community was identified by third-stage students in academic year (2020-2021), the subject was randomly selected two divisions after which the measure of cognitive method was distributed to the sample, so the subject (32) students were distributed in four groups, and which the pre te

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 24 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A study to compare the cleaning efficiency of different irrigation systems for macro debris removal in instrumented canals (An in vitro study)
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Background: Irrigation of the canal system permits removal of residual tissue in the canal anatomy that cannot be reached by instrumentation of the main canals so the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of conventional irrigation system, endoactivator sonic irrigation system,P5 Newtron Satelec passive ultrasonic irrigation and Endovac irrigation system in removing of dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Materials and methods: Forty extracted premolars with approximately straight single root canals were randomly distributed into 4 tested groups of 10 teeth each. All canals were prepared with Protaper Universal ha

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Role of the Passive Conditioning in Achieving Thermal Comfort in Temporary Hotel Units: سماح محمد طالب الدويك-سامي أبوطالب-محمد صابر
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This research is based on monitoring the local and environmental technologies in the design of the temporary hotel units (nomadic tents) in the desert in the south of Jordan in order to air condition them in summer and winter, maintaining the Jordanian identity, that they are presented with the form and technologies of the age in order to get to the universality.
The research adopted the descriptive analytical method and the researcher conducted the analysis of SWOT specified for the analysis of the positive and negative aspects in the design of the temporary hotel units and comparing them with the case studies available in the chosen research area "the Jordanian golden triangle", through the elements of the case under study. The res

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Strengthen the unified accounting system in rental sales Transactions to increase the protection of the real estate trade in installment Proposed framework
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Due to the large size of dealing in the transactions installment sales in durable products, especially real estate given the privacy to enjoy their property, among other products because of the large amount and the length of the repayment period leading to a risk of non-payment by the buyer because of the possibility to change the credit level to him, especially that most of this type of transaction customers are from limited income owners,  So it has been proposed the use of other transactions in handling real estate instead of installment sales transactions, a rental sale transactions because of the protection provided by this transaction for a vendor that will be mentioned later.

So proposes to st

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Publication Date
Fri May 05 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Professional Business Review
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance: a Field Study in the General Authority for Irrigation and Reclamation Projects in Baghdad
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Purpose: the purpose of this study is to investigate how managers working for the General Authority for Irrigation and Reclamation Projects react to the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on their performance.   Theoretical framework: The current study includes an intellectual framework on two variables, namely EI and Manager Performance (MP), because it is essential to investigate the relationship between these two variables and the impact of EI on MP.   Design/methodology/approach: The research problem is that a manager's capacity to make wise decisions about their work or interactions with subordinates is diminished when they have inadequate EI. The questionnaire is used as a tool for gathering data for the study, and the st

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