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The Effect of TNF-Alpha Gene Polymorphisms At -376 G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031 T/C on The Likelihood of Becoming a Non-Responder to Etanercept in A Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists’ therapy are expensive and has a non-responsive rate between 30% to 40% in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Genetic variation plays a vital role in the responsiveness to this type of therapy.The aim of this study is to investigate if the presence of genetic polymorphism in the TNF-α gene promoter region at locations -376 G/A (rs1800750), -806 C/T (rs4248158), and -1031 T/C (rs1799964) affects rheumatoid arthritis patient's tendency to be a non-responder to etanercept.

Eighty RA patients on etanercept (ETN) for at least six months were recruited from the Rheumatology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Based on The European League Against Rheumatism response (EULAR) criteria, patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders. After polymerase chain reaction amplification of their DNA, the amplified DNA was sequenced by Sanger method to determine the polymorphisms at the positions -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C.

The results of this study found that equally Phi correlation and binary logistic regression analysis revealed a non-significant association for all genotypes in the three polymorphic sites with the tendency for being non-responder. Moreover, there was no significant difference in TNF-α mean level or the change in disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28) after six months of etanercept therapy between all genotypes for each polymorphic site.

The present study concludes that there was no correlation between the polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter region at -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C with the tendency for being non-responder to ETN.

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 17 2015
Journal Name
جامعة المستنصرية
study of some aspect on Iraqi children with Atopic Dermatitis
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 19 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Application of Mathematical Drilling Model on Southern Iraqi Oil Fields
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Publication Date
Thu Feb 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences
Genetic Polymorphism of Iraqi Leishmania tropica Isolates Based on HSP70Gene
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Leishmaniasis is one of the important parasitic diseases, affecting mainly low social class people indeveloping countries, and is more prevalent and endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions of old worldand new world. Despite ofbroad distribution in Iraq,little known about the geneticcharacteristics of thecausative agents. So this study was aimed to evaluate the genetic varietyoftwo IraqiLeishmaniatropicaisolatesbased on heat shock protein gene sequence 70 (HSP70) in comparison with universal isolates recordedsequences data. After amplification and sequencing of HSP70 gene,the obtainedresults were alignment alongwith homologous Leishmania sequences retrieved from NCBI by using BLAST. The analysis results showedpresence of particular g

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
الأستاذ
Teaching-learning design according to constructivist theory models and its impact on the achievement of chemistry among second-year intermediate school female students
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 19 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Altmtip impact exercises in raising the dynamic range of the skill of the backward straight step down on the balance beam.
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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Nature Environment And Pollution Technology
The Kinetic Model for Decolourization of Commercial Direct Blue 2 Azo Dye Aqueous Solution by the Fenton Process and the Effect of Inorganic Salts
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Media Coverage of Yazidi Women in the Iraqi Press Analytical Study in Al-Mada Newspaper: غادة حسين العاملي
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This research reveals the treatment mechanisms followed in the media for covering the topic of displacement and captivity of Yazidi in the Iraqi press, through studying all the publishing in one of the Iraqi newspapers concerning the research subject. The research problem is in the following questions:

  • What are the journalistic arts that are tackled by the newspaper concerning the subject of the Yazidi women?
  • What are the editing forms for the model of the press subjects that have been employed about the event and what are its sources?
  • What are the highlighting means used in presenting the subjects within the journalistic arts?
  • What are the i

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2022
Journal Name
Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences
Contributions of small income-generating projects to the empowerment of rural women socially and economically in Al-Hamdaniya District / Nineveh Governorate
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The current research aims to identify the contributions of small income-generating projects in theempowerment of rural women in Nineveh Governorate ,Al-Hamdaniya district, as a simplerandom sample was drawn from the research community of 280 respondents , according to theRobert Mason equation at the level of significance 0.05, so the sample size was 162 respondents,i.e. a percentage 58% collected the necessary data using a questionnaire prepared as a basic toolfor data collection consisting of 20 items distributed on two axes ,and the results of the researchwere analyzed and presented using the spss statistical program, as well as manual analysis usingrepetitions, the weighted mean, the standard deviation, and the percentage weight. And the

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 03 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Phonological and Suggestive Rhythm in the Context of the Quranic Text: The Phonological and Suggestive Rhythm in the Context of the Quranic Text
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Abstract
The perpetuity of the Quranic discourse required being suitable for all ages.
Accordingly, the method of the Glorious Quran a pre request for the conscious
investigation and realization in order to detect the core of the texts, as the Quranic
discourse is considered a general address for the humanity as a whole. For this
reason, the progress of the concerned studies neceiated that it should cope with the
current development in the age requirements and its cultural changes within ages.
The texts of the Glorious Quran lightened the human reason as being the
Creator’s miracle for it is characterized by certain merits that makes it different from

poetry and prose. It is a unique texture in its rheto

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 24 2021
Journal Name
International Journal Of Differential Equations
The Impact of Media Coverage and Curfew on the Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Model: Stability and Bifurcation
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In this study, the spreading of the pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is formulated mathematically. The objective of this study is to stop or slow the spread of COVID-19. In fact, to stop the spread of COVID-19, the vaccine of the disease is needed. However, in the absence of the vaccine, people must have to obey curfew and social distancing and follow the media alert coverage rule. In order to maintain these alternative factors, we must obey the modeling rule. Therefore, the impact of curfew, media alert coverage, and social distance between the individuals on the outbreak of disease is considered. Five ordinary differential equations of the first-order are used to represent the model. The solution properties of the system ar

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