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The Effect of TNF-Alpha Gene Polymorphisms At -376 G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031 T/C on The Likelihood of Becoming a Non-Responder to Etanercept in A Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonists’ therapy are expensive and has a non-responsive rate between 30% to 40% in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Genetic variation plays a vital role in the responsiveness to this type of therapy.The aim of this study is to investigate if the presence of genetic polymorphism in the TNF-α gene promoter region at locations -376 G/A (rs1800750), -806 C/T (rs4248158), and -1031 T/C (rs1799964) affects rheumatoid arthritis patient's tendency to be a non-responder to etanercept.

Eighty RA patients on etanercept (ETN) for at least six months were recruited from the Rheumatology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Based on The European League Against Rheumatism response (EULAR) criteria, patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders. After polymerase chain reaction amplification of their DNA, the amplified DNA was sequenced by Sanger method to determine the polymorphisms at the positions -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C.

The results of this study found that equally Phi correlation and binary logistic regression analysis revealed a non-significant association for all genotypes in the three polymorphic sites with the tendency for being non-responder. Moreover, there was no significant difference in TNF-α mean level or the change in disease activity score for 28 joints (DAS28) after six months of etanercept therapy between all genotypes for each polymorphic site.

The present study concludes that there was no correlation between the polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter region at -376G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031T/C with the tendency for being non-responder to ETN.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 02 2019
Journal Name
Sudan Journal Of Medical Sciences
Positive and Negative Effects of the Commensal Bacteria on Carcinogenesis
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Background: Cancer is a lethal disease that results from a multifactorial process. Progression into carcinogenesis and an abnormal cell proliferation can occur due to the micro and macro environment as well as genetic mutations and modifications. In this review, cancer and the microbiota – mainly bacteria that inhabit the tumour tissue – have been discussed. The positive and negative impacts of the commensal bacteria on tumours being protective or carcinogenic agents, respectively, and their strategies have also been described. Methods: Related published articles written in English language were searched from Google Scholar, PubMed, Mendeley suggestions, as well as Google search using a combination of the keywords ‘Microbiota, commens

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Servant Leadership and its Impact on the Effectiveness of Teamwork
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   The research problem stems from the suffering of organizations from the weakness of their organizing aspect and the weak influence of the leadership on the subordinates and their dispersion. Organizations today are in rapid development and therefore work relations are not dominated by the humanitarian aspect and the first goal has become productivity. The research aims to identify the influence of servant leadership and its dimensions as an independent variable on the effectiveness of work teams as an approved variable and their importance increases when these organizations are service organizations, and how their influence increases when this leadership is the servant leadership and its dimensions in the Health Depa

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 30 2012
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Customary marriage and the position of Islamic law on it
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Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and the best of prayers, and the completion of the blessing of our master Muhammad Al-Hadi Al-Amin, his family and companions, the righteous and those who followed his path and guided him to the day of judgment.
And after:
It is God's human honor that he has legalized marriage and made optimal goals and intentions for her:
1 establish a safe and reassuring life between the husband and his wife based on the tranquility and love and compassion is achieved through satisfying the instincts of the road project from the verse:  and that He created for you mates from among yourselves to find repose in them and put between you affection and mercy in this are Signs for those who reflect  ()

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
The influence of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on TSH and thyroid hormones in male rats
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Publication Date
Wed Nov 07 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
The Influence of Ramadan Fasting on Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Adult Males
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Objective(s): Ramadan is the Holy month of the Muslims, where they are required to abstain from food and drinks
from dawn till the beginning of night. This study was conducted in Ramadan to investigate the effect of fasting on
hematological incidences, lipid profile, renal and liver function tests among healthy adult males.
Methodology: The present study was carried out in Ramadan – 1431 of Higira (August-September 2010). The study
sample was 56 healthy adult males. Five samples of blood were taken at five intervals (Before, at day 1, 15, 28 and
after Ramadan). Estimation was done for hematological markers, (hemoglobin, white blood cells count, platelet
count); renal function tests (blood urea, serum uric acid, serum

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 21 2022
Journal Name
Cuadernos De Economia
The Role of Green Spaces, Technological Innovation, and Environmental Taxes on Environmental Sustainability in Iraq
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Abstract: In recent times, global attention has increasingly focused on the critical issue of environmental sustainability, owing to escalating environmental degradation exacerbated by the utilization of green spaces and technological innovation. This phenomenon necessitates thorough examination, prompting the present study to scrutinize the impact of various factors, namely green spaces, technological innovation, environmental taxes, renewable energy consumption (REC), inflation, and economic growth (EG), on environmental sustainability within the context of Iraq. Secondary data extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI) spanning the period from 1991 to 2022 served as the foundation for this investigation. Methodologically, the

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Synoptic Characteristics, Causes, and Mechanisms of Kahlaa Tornado in Iraq on 14th April 2016
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In this study, an analysis of the synoptic characteristics, causes and mechanisms of Kahlaa tornado event was carried out. This tornado occurred on 10:30 UTC (1:30 pm Iraq Local Time) on 14 April 2016 to the north of Kahlaa town in Maysan governorate. We analyzed surface and upper charts, weather conditions, the damage indices, the dynamical features and the instability of the tornado. The analysis showed that there was a low pressure system which was an extension of the Monsoon low in addition to a supercell thunderstorm and a jet stream aloft. The cold trough and high relative vorticity at 500 hPa level, the humid warm wind blowing from the south and the dry cold wind from the north contributed to the initiation of the tornado. Accordi

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 10 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The influence of magnetic field and cathode dimensions on plasma characteristics in hollow cathode system
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Experimental study on the effect of cylindrical hollow cathode, working pressure and magnetic field on spatial glow distribution and the characteristics of plasma produced by dc discharge in Argon gas, were investigated by image analyses for the plume within the plasma. It was found that the emission intensity appears as a periodic structure with many peaks appeared between the electrodes. Increasing the pressure leads to increase the number of intensity peaks finally converted to continuous form at high pressure, especially with applied of magnetic field, i.e. the plasma is more stable with the presence of magnetic field. The emission intensity study of plasma showed that the intensity has a maximum value at 1.07 mbar pressure and decre

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Stock Exchange and its Impact on Economic Development In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
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this research paper aims at measuring and analyzing the influence of the stock exchange on the economic development in the Kingdom. This is done through comparing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a changeable factor affiliated with some independent variables in the KSA stock exchange. These variables are (All Share Index {TASI}, Market Value, Trade Volume Index, number of companies and number of shares). The study covers the period from 2003 to 2017 and adapts the measuring method in analyzing this relation using the Multiple Linear Regression (Stepwise) and (SPSS). The study affirmed the validity of the

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 12 2007
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Incident Laser Power and Concentration Effects on the Fluorescence of DCM Dye in PMMA Polymer
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Incident laser power and concentration effects on fluorescence emission from DCM dye in PMMA polymer have been investigated. Different concentrations of the dye were used. It was found that the fluorescence intensity increased with increasing of the concentration of the dye, with a red shift. In addition, it was found that the fluorescence intensity increased with the increase of the incident laser power I0.

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