Inflammation of the tonsils could be described as acute tonsillitis, mainly due to infection. Recurrent tonsillitis could be defined as 3-7 episodes during the first 3 years of age. Vitamin D, which is a neuro-hormone with pleiotropic biological activities may modulate the immune response by alleviation, and stimulation of Th1 and Th2 cell proliferation, respectively, that influence the stimulation, synthesis, and secretion of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this study we aimed to shed light on the levels of vitamin D in children with different episodes of tonsillitis in association with levels of interleukins (TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10). Blood samples were collected from 48 participants in 3 groups: control, acute tonsillitis (1-2 episodes/year), chronic tonsillitis (more than 7 episodes/year), serum was separated and the levels of Vitamin D, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were estimated using ELISA technique. Vitamin D decreased significantly as the episodes of tonsillitis increased, with level of 16.38± 2.41ng/ml in acute and, 14.13± 2.15 ng/ml in chronic tonsillitis as compared to control (30.91± 2.31 ng/ml), while pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-2) significantly increased (46.88± 14.05 and 44.55± 9.24, 1267.25± 111.85 and 1191.72± 121.52 ng/ml, respectively) as compared to control (9.45 and 138.48 ng/ml respectively). Anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in control group were (243.08± 28.72 and 24.27± 1.83 ng/ml, respectively), which increased non-significantly in acute and chronic tonsillitis (302.76± 38.93, 290.12± 44.69 and 28.16± 2.01, 26.29± 1.99 ng/ml, respectively). Significant direct correlation was observed between the levels of vitamin D and anti-inflammatory cytokines in chronic tonsillitis (P<0.05). In conclusion, deficiency of vitamin D may affect the number of episodes of tonsillitis in children by modulation of the secretion of some cytokines.
After receipt of military commanders power in 1980, they were determined to solve the
Kurdish question by force, just like their predecessors in resolving such issues, and the
situation became worse when the Kurdish resistance in a more organized than previous years
and behind the Party (PKK) .
After the mass support of the Kurdish widespread party get involved most of the Kurdish
youth in the party organization of the (PKK), prompting Turkish President then to make
decisions and take immediate action firm against the party, but the Kurdish issue began
Tthlhal when he arrived at the helm of President Turgut Ozal in 1989, he worked on the
development of the areas inhabited by the Kurds, specifically the Southeast A
This article aims to estimate the partially linear model by using two methods, which are the Wavelet and Kernel Smoothers. Simulation experiments are used to study the small sample behavior depending on different functions, sample sizes, and variances. Results explained that the wavelet smoother is the best depending on the mean average squares error criterion for all cases that used.
PMMA films of different thickness (0.006, 0.0105, 0.0206, 0.0385 and 0.056cm) were synthesized by casting process. The temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric constant and AC electrical conductivity measurements at various frequencies (10kHz-10MHz) and temperatures (293-373K) were carried out. Few anomalies in dielectric studies were observed near 313 and 373 K respectively. These points were related to glass transitions temperature. The variation of activation energy and conduction behavior was studied .From the AC conduction studies, it is confirmed that the mechanism responsible for the conduction process is hopping of carriers. The variations of the dielectric constant and loss as function of frequency at different tempera
... Show MoreSM ADAI, BN RASHID, Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 2023
We can summarize the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by looking at our nutrition, age, and lifestyle. β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are outcomes of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. As an indirect result of IR on important metabolic enzymes, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are also a factor in T2DM patients. Recent research has indicated that lipid fluctuation may be the cause of poor glucose metabolism as well as one of its effects. Fatty acids (FAs) affect cell membrane fluidity and permeability, insulin receptor binding and signaling, and the translocation of glucose transporters. Therefore, it is suggested that FAs might play a crucial part in the emergence of IR and T2DM.
This work aimed to design and testing of a computer program – based eyeQ improvement, photographic memory enhancement, and speed reading to match the reading speed 150 – 250 word per minute (WPM) with the mind ability of processing and eye snap shooting 5000WPM . The package designed based on Visual Basic 6. The efficiency of the designed program was tested on a 10 persons with different levels of education and ages and the results show an increase in their reading speed of approximately 25% in the first month of training with noticeable enhancement in the memory as well as an increase in the ability to read for longer time without feeling nerves or boring, a nonlinear continuously increase in reading speed is assured after the first mo
... Show MoreAlopecia (Baldness) is very usual trouble in current time. It is accompanied by an intensive weakening of the scalp's hair and follows a specific pattern. Hereditary predisposition plays a very important role in alopecia despite not completely understood. Alopecia can be typed to various categories according to etiology, may be due to hereditary factors, autoimmune disease, and drugs or chemicals. There are many options of strategies of treatment according to the type and causes of alopecia. Chemical or synthetic medications apply for the management of hair loss are accompanied by a wide range of undesirable effects. Naturally occurring drugs also play important role in alopecia management with minimal side effects.