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Gender Differences in Adverse Drug Reactions Among Adult Patients Reported to the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center
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For many years it was argued that there may be a gender differences in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This assumption was based on many possible factors such as hormonal or behavior differences, and it was not clearly identified since the female gender was not preferred to be enrolled in many clinical trials. The primary aim of this study was to assess the extent of possibly relevant gender differences in drug–ADRs regarding causality, severity, preventability, seriousness, expectedness and outcome. While the secondary aim was to assess for which group of drugs and for which ADRs gender differences are identified most often. The study was a retrospective one that depends on processing a specially selected group of data obtained from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center database. The data included consisted of 3833 individual case safety reports sent during the period from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019. It was found that the reported adverse drug reactions for females (60.84 %) were much more than males (39.16 %). In addition, significant differences in age group distribution of adverse drug reactions were found in which females in their reproductive age had more adverse drug reactions while the older adult males were more likely to suffer adverse drug reactions if compared with the same age groups from the opposite gender. The highest type of adverse drug reactions for both genders were those that fall in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (26.4 % in females) and (22.6 % in males) with statically significant difference between the two genders. While the highest group to cause adverse drug reactions was the systemic anti-infective agents with a greater chance ‘statistically significant’ in females to suffer a side effect from this group of medications (40.8 %) compared to male gender (35.5 %). The frequency of serious adverse drug reactions was significantly more prevalent in females (45.4 %) than for males (41.3 %) while the fatal outcome was significantly more observed in males (0.8 %) as compared with females (0.2 %). The expectedness analysis gave the finding that for each gender the expectedness of adverse drug reactions was nearly equal.

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2017
Journal Name
Human And Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal
Biochemical and hematological parameters and histological alterations in fish <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L. as biomarkers for water pollution with chlorpyrifos
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Publication Date
Sat Oct 09 2021
Journal Name
Nanomaterials
Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Triple Tube Latent Heat Storage System Using Circular Fins with Inline and Staggered Arrangements
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Inherent fluctuations in the availability of energy from renewables, particularly solar, remain a substantial impediment to their widespread deployment worldwide. Employing phase-change materials (PCMs) as media, saving energy for later consumption, offers a promising solution for overcoming the problem. However, the heat conductivities of most PCMs are limited, which severely limits the energy storage potential of these materials. This study suggests employing circular fins with staggered distribution to achieve improved thermal response rates of PCM in a vertical triple-tube heat exchanger involving two opposite flow streams of the heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Since heat diffusion is not the same at various portions of the PCM unit,

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 17 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Exploration And Production Technology
Characterization of flow units, rock and pore types for Mishrif Reservoir in West Qurna oilfield, Southern Iraq by using lithofacies data
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Abstract<p>This study has been accomplished by testing three different models to determine rocks type, pore throat radius, and flow units for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna oilfield in Southern Iraq based on Mishrif full diameter cores from 20 wells. The three models that were used in this study were Lucia rocks type classification, Winland plot was utilized to determine the pore throat radius depending on the mercury injection test (r35), and (FZI) concepts to identify flow units which enabled us to recognize the differences between Mishrif units in these three categories. The study of pore characteristics is very significant in reservoir evaluation. It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid prope</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Sep 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Effect of Heterogeneity on Recovery Factor for Carbonate Reservoirs. A Case Study for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield, Southern Iraq
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Oil recovery could be impacted by the relation between vertical permeability (Kv) and horizontal permeability (Kh) (Kv/Kh). 4816 plugs that have been getting hold of 18 wells of Mishrif formation in the West Qurna oilfield were used. Kv/Kh data provided some scatter, but the mean is ~1. Kv/Kh =1 was used for the Petrel model before upscaling according to the heterogeneity of each layer.

Kv/Kh values for Mishrif Formation in West Qurna Oilfield are 0.8 for relatively homogeneous, 0.4 for heterogeneous rock, and 0.1 for cap rocks (CRII).

   Eclipse TM was used for reservoir simulation. PVT and SCAL data e

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 02 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Linguistic Errors in second language learning through Error Analysis theory: هه‌ڵه‌ زمانییه‌كان له‌ فێربوونی زمانی دووه‌مدا (له‌ ڕوانگه‌ی تیۆری شیكاری هه‌ڵه‌ییه‌وه‌)
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Second language learner may commit many mistakes in the process of second language learning. Throughout the Error Analysis Theory, the present study discusses the problems faced by second language learners whose Kurdish is their native language. At the very stages of language learning, second language learners will recognize the errors committed, yet they would not identify the type, the stage and error type shift in the process of language learning. Depending on their educational background of English as basic module, English department students at the university stage would make phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and lexical as well as speech errors. The main cause behind such errors goes back to the cultural differences

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 07 2020
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine &amp; Toxicology
Bacillus cereus in Meat Products: 16S rRNA Phylogenetic Tree analysis and Antimicrobial Investigation of Nisin A, Rosemary Essential Oil and Tetracycline
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Publication Date
Tue May 06 2014
Journal Name
Plos One
Gastroprotective Activity of Ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) Amino]benzoate against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Ulcer in Rats
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The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic, antioxidant and gastro-protective effect of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylid ene)amino] benzoate (ETHAB) in rats.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 11 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Ameliorative Role of Nutraceutical Quercetin and its Derivatives Against Cognitive Impairment Process Induced by Lead Exposure in Drosophila melanogaster(Fruit Fly)
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Cumulative lifetime lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with accelerated declines in cognition through the free radical generation and epigenetic effects. Several pieces of literature have identified a correlation between exposure to lead and neurodegenerative disorders. Harwich strain Drosophila melanogaster was exposed to lead acetate for two weeks, and changes in pulse transmission by acetylcholinesterase and systemic redox were evaluated. Besides, molecular docking studies of acetylcholinesterase against Quercetin and its most common derivatives contained in food have been performed. Pharmacokinetic studies on Quercetin and its derivatives have also been performed in silico toxicity. The data obtained showed alterations in antioxi

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Comparative Study between Nasal Endoscopic Findings and Nose and Paranasal Sinus Computerized Tomography in diagnosis of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases
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Background: Nasal obstruction is common in otorhinolaryngology outpatient visitors. The diagnosis of such compliant is by history, clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. Nasal endoscopy and computerized tomography scan are common diagnostic investigations. Nasal obstruction is either anterior or posterior (nasal septal deviations, hypertrophied turbinate pathological cyst, polyps, mass etc), or postnasal obstruction (hypertrophied turbinate, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal cyst or nasopharyngeal tumors).

Aim of study: Prospective study to compare endoscopic finding and computerized tomography of nose, paranasal sinuses and postnasal space as diagnostic methods for nasal obstruction and other nose, p

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 08 2020
Journal Name
Separation Science And Technology
Adsorption kinetics and mechanisms for meropenem antibiotic removal in batch mode via rice husk functionalized with Mg/Fe-layered double hydroxides
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate rice husk functionalized with Mg-Fe-layered double hydroxide (RH-Mg/Fe-LDH) as an adsorbent for the removal of meropenem antibiotic (MA) from an aqueous solution. Several batch experiments were undertaken using various conditions. Based on the results, the optimal Mg/Fe-LDH adsorbent with a pH of 9 and an M2+/M3+ ratio of 0.5 was associated with the lowest particle size (specifically. 11.1 nm). The Langmuir and Freundlich models were consistent with the experimental isotherm data (R2 was 0.984 and 0.993, respectively), and MA’s highest equilibrium adsorption capacity was 43.3 mg/g. Additionally, the second-order model was consistent with the adsorption kinetic results.

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