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The Difference in Contributing Factors and Costs Associated with Outpatient Refusal to Accept Cardiovascular Medications or Analgesics During Dispensing Process.
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Background: Study looking into cardiovascular disorders (CVD) medicines or analgesics cost-saving activities during dispensing process is lacking.

Aim: To determine differences in factors and costs associated with refused CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process

Method: This study was approved by Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC) (Registration number: NMRR-20-177-53153(IIR)). Participants receiving CVD medicines or analgesics during dispensing process were recruited via convenience sampling technique between February and March 2020 at the Specialist Pharmacy Department of Jerantut Hospital, Malaysia. Refusal to medications and its reasons were asked based on the questionnaire developed by the researchers.

Results: Overall, 175 patients participated in this survey and CVD drugs contributed toward 58.9% of the refused medicines. Those who refused CVD drugs and analgesics were significantly different in terms of gender, medications dosing frequency, refusal reasons namely side effects, medications use, intentionally skipping dose and skipping the dose when feeling well. No associations were found between forgetfulness and age with refusal to CVD drugs or painkillers. Those who refused CVD medicines had a significantly higher total daily medicines, total daily pill burden, and total number of medicines refused per prescription compared to those who refused analgesics. Cost of CVD medicines refused per prescription was significantly higher compared to analgesics, median Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 10.50 (IQR, RM 15.00) versus median RM 6.00 (IQR, 15.00), P=0.01.

Conclusion: Refusal to CVD medicines and analgesics was associated with several medication’s and patient’s factors. However, higher cost-saving was observed in those refusing CVD medicines.

 

Keywords: cardiovascular disease, analgesics, dispensing, wastage

                                                                                                                              

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
To Shape a Silence While Breaking it: Toni Morrison’s the Bluest Eye
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Toni Morrison (1931-), the first African-American winner of Noble Prize in literature (1993) and the winner of the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, regards herself as the historian of African-American people. She does not think of her writings as literature but as a sacred book dedicated to explore the interior lives of blacks. She creates history by disregarding European standards and the white man's view of African- Americans. She adopts her people's point of view, invests their heritage, voices their pains and uses their vernacular. She even writes to a black audience. She establishes the black novel  by depicting the blackness of American literature. In choos

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Science International.(lahore)
GALERKIN'S METHOD TO SOLVE THE LINEAR SECOND ORDER DELAY MULTI-VALUE PROBLEMS
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Publication Date
Sun Jul 12 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences And Humanities
THE USE OF PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY TO ACHIEVE PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY
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This research aims to demonstrate the knowledge pillars of the product life cycle assessment technique and how to measure the cost according to this technique, and to clarify its role in reducing costs, improving product quality and optimizing the use of available resources, and a set of results has been reached, the most important of which are: The separation of environmental costs through the use of product life cycle assessment technique helps the Management in handling the increase of these costs, reducing the rates of environmental pollution and preserving resources, which contributes to achieving the sustainability of the product, and based on the results obtained, a set of recommendations were presented, the most important of which w

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 18 2017
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Using Smart Control System to Enhancement the Split Air Conditioning System Performance
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In IRAQ, the air conditioners are the principal cause of high electrical demand. In summer, the outer temperature sometimes exceeds 500C which significantly effects on the A/C system performance and power consumed. In the present work, the improvement in mechanical and electrical performance of split A/C system is investigated experimentally and analytically. In this paper, performance and energy saving enhancement of a split-A/C system was experimentally investigated to be efficiently compatible with elevated temperature weathers. This improvement is accomplished via Smart Control System integrate with Proportional-Integral- Differential PID algorithm. The PIC16F877A micro-controller has been programmed with the PID and PWM c

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 19 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Efficient of Government Organization to attain the Ten Recommendation of social Responsibility
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   In this study, the researcher aimed to define and measure the relevance and effect of the governmental organizations in complying with Iraqi Ministry of Transportation's requirements towards achieving the social responsibility, embodied in the ten commandments of the United Nations Findings displayed the availability of realization regarding organization managers towards social responsibility with their various capabilities and tendencies in relation with the representing entries of those Ten Commandments.The study showed the relation between the effectiveness of those organizations and dimensions of the ten commandments of social responsibility, with the existence of a significant effect for the said effectiveness on achiev

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use Dynamic Bayesian network to estimate the reliability of Adamia Water Network
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Abstract\

In this research, estimated the reliability of water system network in Baghdad was done. to assess its performance during a specific period. a fault tree through static and dynamic gates was belt and these gates represent logical relationships between the main events in the network and analyzed using dynamic Bayesian networks . As it has been applied Dynamic Bayesian networks estimate reliability by translating dynamic fault tree to Dynamic Bayesian networks and reliability of the system appreciated. As was the potential for the expense of each phase of the network for each gate . Because there are two parts to the Dynamic Bayesian networks and two part of gate (AND), which includes the three basic units of the

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2025
Journal Name
Basic Education College Magazine For Educational And Humanities Sciences
The Transformation of Power: A Study of Coriolanus from Soldier to Statesman
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William Shakespeare's play Coriolanus explores the journey of power and the transformation of a skilled warrior into a statesman. This paper employs Machiavelli’s framework of pragmatic statecraft to analyse Coriolanus’s tragic failure as a political leader despite his unparalleled prowess as a Roman general. It analyses Coriolanus's political career, revealing how his military skills, while effective in warfare, do not translate into political success. The paper shows that Coriolanus’s contempt for performative politics, refusal to adopt civic diplomacy, and failure to soften aristocratic pride with populist appeal turn plebeians against him and alienate patricians. His upholding of martial honour — fostered by his mother Volumnia

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2013
Journal Name
Http://www.i-csrs.org/volumes/gisars/vol.3/vol.3.1.1.july.12.pdf
Remote sensing technique to monitoring the risk of soil degradation using NDVI
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In order to take measures in controlling soil erosion it is required to estimate soil loss over area of interest. Soil loss due to soil erosion can be estimated using predictive models such as Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The accuracy of these models depends on parameters that are used in equations. One of the most important parameters in equations used in both of models is (C) factor that represents effects of vegetation and other land covers. Estimating land cover by interpretation of remote sensing imagery involves Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), an indicator that shows vegetation cover. The aim of this study is estimate (C) factor values for Part of Baghdad city using NDVI derived from satellite Image of Landsat-7

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Secure Smart Contract Based on Blockchain to Prevent the Non-Repudiation Phenomenon
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Blockchain is an innovative technology that has gained interest in all sectors in the era of digital transformation where it manages transactions and saves them in a database. With the increasing financial transactions and the rapidly developed society with growing businesses many people looking for the dream of a better financially independent life, stray from large corporations and organizations to form startups and small businesses. Recently, the increasing demand for employees or institutes to prepare and manage contracts, papers, and the verifications process, in addition to human mistakes led to the emergence of a smart contract. The smart contract has been developed to save time and provide more confidence while dealing, as well a

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Kernel Density Estimator To Determine the Limits of Multivariate Control Charts.
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Quality control is an effective statistical tool in the field of controlling the productivity to monitor and confirm the manufactured products to the standard qualities and the certified criteria for some products and services and its main purpose is to cope with the production and industrial development in the business and competitive market. Quality control charts are used to monitor the qualitative properties of the production procedures in addition to detecting the abnormal deviations in the production procedure. The multivariate Kernel Density Estimator control charts method was used which is one of the nonparametric methods that doesn’t require any assumptions regarding the distribution o

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